Corrosion studies with a new laboratory-scale system simulating large-scale diesel engines operating with residual fuels

Lyyränen, Jussi; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Silvonen, Aulis

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.03.012

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This type of corrosive wear is known to increase during low-temperature engine operation and when exhaust gas recirculation is used. Lyyränen et al (2004) have suggested that main corrosive/erosive elements are mainly chlorine, sulphur compounds and alkalis. The authors pointed out that chlorine is mostly a problem in marine environments originating from intake air.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Water-soluble Sulphates Chlorides and Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Desert Road Dust Aerosol from Provinces of Afghanistan and Iraq

Dobrzhinsky

Krugly

Kliučininkas

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Resuspended desert dust is an important air pollutant in both local and transboundary levels. Research on the resuspension and properties of desert road dust particulate matter (PM) was performed with dust samples from the provinces of Kandahar, Herat and Ghor in Afghanistan, and the province of Baghdad in Iraq. Measurements of the concentrations of airborne PM in Kandahar province showed that near the military unit PM total ranged from 58.3 μg/m 3 to 85.5 μg/m 3 , while in the motorcade the concentrations ranged from 13787.9 μg/m 3 to 18181.8 μg/m 3 . The particle size distribution (PSD) of the resuspended dust samples in laboratory conditions revealed that the PSD may have a bi-modal shape with a clearly defined mode (d = 1.98-2.13 μm), and less expressed second mode at ~1 μm. The highest amounts of resuspended PM resulted from the samples taken at Kandahar province. The dust from other regions showed lower amounts of resuspended particles (~75% lower in Ghor, ~85% in Herat, and ~96% in Bagdad). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of dust showed the presence of calcite, quartzite, albite, muscovite, potassium-feldspar, and nimite in the samples. SO 4 2-concentrations in the road dust samples ranged from 71.3 ± 8.5 × 10 3 μg/kg to 221.1 ± 18.3 × 10 3 μg/kg, and the amounts of Cl -varied from 378.2 ± 81.9 × 10 3 μg/kg to 3876.2 ± 295.2 × 10 3 μg/kg. The results of particle size distribution and composition were discussed with respect to their potential negative influences on road vehicles.

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Section: Concentrations Of Water-soluble Sulphates Chlorides and Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Desert Road Dust Aerosol from Provinces of Afghanistan and Iraq

Dobrzhinsky

Krugly

Kliučininkas

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…a laboratoryscale deposition-corrosion apparatus. 47 An indubitable advantage lies in experimental simulation methods, but real engine experiments can provide the properties of deposits more directly and exactly. Thus, more research on deposits is performed on engines, among which the influencing factors on deposit formation constitute the priority of concerns.…”

Section: Deposit Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of experimental studies on deposits in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines

Shu

Dong

Liang

2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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This article reviews experimental studies on deposits in engine combustion chambers, with emphasis on deposit composition, damage to engines, formation mechanisms and study methods. The existence of combustion chamber deposits will definitely influence performance and emissions of engines, and is inevitable with the use of petroleum fuel and lubricating oil. These all make it necessary to study the formation, composition, structure and influential factors of deposits, which will provide the basis for reducing deposits in engines. Influential factors and methods of reducing deposit formation are also included. First, the deposit damage to engines is briefly introduced, with a focus mainly on the decline in engine performance and the deterioration of emissions, and the reasons for these phenomena are explained. Next, conclusions on deposit research approaches to their chemical composition and physical structure are drawn. Finally, with regards to deposit formation in gasoline and diesel engines, deposit composition and factors influencing deposit formation, such as engine type, fuel type, oil type, additives, exhaust gas recirculation, etc., are enumerated through experimental studies on engines. Studies on deposit formation with some newly developed types of fuel are also included. The mechanism of deposit formation under these different conditions is explained, and the methods for reducing deposit formation are summarized.

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“…Esta última é responsável pela formação da goma que entope e corrói os bicos injetores de combustível nos motores ciclo-Diesel. 12 Considerando a ausência de compostos polares e da baixa condutividade iônica do óleo diesel, não há relatos na literatura do uso da técnica eletroquímica para a medida da velocidade de corrosão neste meio.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Determinação da densidade de corrente de corrosão em meios de baixa condutividade: uso de microeletrodos para minimizar a queda ôhmica

Oliveira¹,

Bertazzoli²

2011

Quím. Nova

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MICROELECTRODES TO MINIMIZE THE OHMIC DROP. The gravimetric and electrochemical tests are the most common techniques used in determining the corrosion rate. However, the use of electrochemical polarization is limited to electrolytes with sufficient conductivity for which Tafel curves are linear. In this study, we investigated a technique in which working microelectrodes of AISI 1020 steel were used to obtain the Tafel curves in diesel oil. The strategy was to reduce the electrode area and hence the ohmic drop. The diameter of the microelectrode was reduced to a value where the compensation of the Tafel curves became unnecessary. The results showed that for electrodes with diameters below 50 µm, the ohmic drop tends to a minimum and independent of the microelectrode diameter.Keywords: microelectrodes; corrosion rate; diesel oil. INTRODUÇÃOOs ensaios gravimétricos e eletroquímicos são as técnicas mais comuns utilizadas na determinação da taxa de corrosão quando um material é exposto a um meio agressivo. Os ensaios gravimétricos consistem na avaliação da velocidade de corrosão através da determinação da perda de massa do material em estudo quando este é imerso em um meio corrosivo. Em geral, este tipo de ensaio demanda um período de tempo muito longo e, dependendo da agressividade do meio, pode demorar vários meses.Já os ensaios eletroquímicos permitem determinar, de forma rápida, a taxa de corrosão por meio da técnica de polarização ou varredura linear de potencial. Estes, consistem em submeter a interface eletrodo/solução a valores crescentes de sobrepotencial para obtenção de curvas de densidade de corrente (I) vs. potencial (E) em condições de equilíbrio estacionário. As chamadas de curvas de polarização assim obtidas são usadas na determinação da corrente e do potencial de corrosão mediante o uso da equação de Tafel.Apesar da técnica de polarização ser mais rápida e mais precisa, a sua aplicação está limitada a soluções ou meios eletrolíticos com condutividade suficiente para que a queda ôhmica, ou a diferença entre o potencial aplicado e o registrado, não seja superior a 5%. Valores maiores de queda ôhmica prejudicam a linearidade das curvas de Tafel, impedindo uma extrapolação confiável para a obtenção da corrente de corrosão. De modo geral, a queda ôhmica é representada pelo produto ISR j , onde R j denota o conjunto das resistências envolvidas, tais como a resistência do eletrodo, dos contatos elétricos, das junções líquidas e do eletrólito.Os combustíveis automotores, gasolina, etanol e óleo diesel possuem esta característica comum de baixa condutividade. No entanto, com exceção da gasolina pura, os outros dois combustíveis apresentam corrosividade apreciável, dependendo das impurezas presentes e do teor de água. Porém, as velocidades de corrosão de diversos materiais metálicos nesses meios só podem ser determinadas quantitativamente por meio de ensaios gravimétricos. Observações qualitativas também podem ser uma forma de avaliação comparativa como, por exemplo, o tempo necessário ao aparecimento de manch...

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Corrosion studies with a new laboratory-scale system simulating large-scale diesel engines operating with residual fuels

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of Desert Road Dust Aerosol from Provinces of Afghanistan and Iraq

Characterization of Desert Road Dust Aerosol from Provinces of Afghanistan and Iraq

A review of experimental studies on deposits in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines

Determinação da densidade de corrente de corrosão em meios de baixa condutividade: uso de microeletrodos para minimizar a queda ôhmica

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