Corrosion Testing of Monofrax K-3 Refractory in Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Alternate Reductant Feeds

Williams, Matthew; Jantzen, Carol M.; Burket, P. R.

doi:10.2172/1250758

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results showed that the chromium oxide and aluminium oxide dissolved in the glass melt leading to an increase in viscosity, which resulted in a decreasing dissolving rate of the coupon over time. Williams et al [96] reported an average corrosion rate that decreased inversely with test time from 4 to 120 h. This was attributed to the formation of a passivating spinel layer between the glass melt and the refractory and the saturation of cations, such as Al and Cr at the reaction layer between the refractory and the glass melt [72,76].…”

Section: Corrosion Data From Monofrax® K-3 Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to this observation, untreated refractory corrosion coupons made from Monofrax® K-3 were tested with a DWPF feed under oxidizing conditions in a crucible and a pilot-scale melter [96,99,100]. The corrosion rates were approximately 1.8–2.8 times greater in oxidizing conditions than those measured previously under reducing conditions.…”

Section: Corrosion Data From Monofrax® K-3 Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis indicated that the cracking of the refractory was caused by thermal stress which can probably be prevented by allowing sufficient space for refractory thermal expansion in melter design, reducing the thermal gradients in the refractory by increasing refractory wall thickness, and reducing the severity of thermal transients such as using a slower heating rate during the startup. It is worth noting that extensive cracking of the Monofrax® K-3 refractory caused by stress or thermal shock was not observed for the scaled melters tested later.

Figure 6. Average corrosion rate (neck or melt line corrosion depth per day) as a function of time in SRNL’s crucible tests [60, 62, 96, 99, 100] and scaled melter tests [61, 66, 129, 131]. Results of crucible tests with different glass at 1100–1200°C and scaled melter tests are shown, with the rates averaged over time. …”

Section: Corrosion Data From Monofrax® K-3 Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Glass-contact refractory of the nuclear waste vitrification melters in the United States: a review of corrosion data and melter life

Jin

Hall

Vienna

et al. 2023

International Materials Reviews

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The performance of the refractory lining in glass melters used for nuclear waste vitrification is critical to the melter reliability for long-term continuous operation. Monofrax® K-3, a high Cr 2 O 3 fused cast refractory material, has been widely used to build the liners of nuclear waste glass melters in the United States. Corrosion behaviour of Monofrax® K-3 refractory has been evaluated based on crucible-scale testing, inspection of the refractory components following scaled melter testing, and inspections of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) melter refractory after service. The literature generally consists of empirical models based on short-term testing to describe refractory corrosion dependence on glass composition. Corrosion data from tests with longer testing times, at various temperatures, in the presence of molten salts, and with different redox reactions in the plenum atmosphere exist, may be insufficient to provide accurate refractory service life estimates. Additionally, the corrosion data collected under actual and scaled melter operating conditions are limited. Recommendations to achieve more direct correlation between the laboratory refractory corrosion data predictions and the observed melter service life are discussed to allow for more accurate predictions of the useful life of melter refractory linings.

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Section: Corrosion Data From Monofrax® K-3 Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion Data From Monofrax® K-3 Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion Data From Monofrax® K-3 Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Glass-contact refractory of the nuclear waste vitrification melters in the United States: a review of corrosion data and melter life

Jin

Hall

Vienna

et al. 2023

International Materials Reviews

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“…The electrochemical tests were performed with Gamry Reference 600 potentiostats which was software controlled with a laptop computer for data acquisition. The potentiostat performance was verified following the test guidelines given in ASTM International G5 standard reference test method [6]. The test cell consisted of borosilicate glass five-port flasks with a standard three-electrode set up: counter, reference and working electrodes.…”

Section: Electrochemical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testing was also recently completed for verifying that the Recycle Collection Tank, waste transfer line, and waste tank materials of construction (MoC) did not experience aggravated corrosion from the use of permanganate in that tank for glycolate destruction [5]. Additional follow-up testing for the melter refractory material was also conducted and is covered in a separate report [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Glycolate Anion on Aqueous Corrosion in DWPF and Downstream Facilities – SCC Testing

Mickalonis

2020

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Glycolic acid is being evaluated as an alternate reductant in the preparation of High Level Waste for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS). During processing, the glycolic acid may not be completely consumed with small quantities of the glycolate anion being carried forward to waste facilities. The SRS liquid waste contractor requested an assessment of the influence of the glycolate anion on the corrosion of the materials of construction (MoC) throughout the waste processing system since this concern had not been previously evaluated. The influence of glycolic acid on the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) had not been evaluated specifically in the previous testing. The present testing used electrochemical and coupon immersion testing to assess this influence. Additionally, the primary guidance on corrosion for operating DWPF with a formate-based flowsheet is based on testing that utilized test solutions with a small number of constituents. Recent testing used more complex solutions based on flowsheet development for DWPF. Additional electrochemical tests were also conducted to assess the influence of this difference on test results. The results from both the electrochemical and coupon immersion tests in formate-based and glycolatebased solutions with chlorides concentrations between 800 and 1200 parts per million showed no active forms of localized corrosion. The Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization (CPP) scans in these solutions had passive regions with some degree of positive hysteresis which indicate a possibility for the occurrence of localized corrosion. The positive hysteresis occurred at potentials greater than 200 mV more electropositive than the corrosion potential indicating that, at least, crevice corrosion should not occur in service. The threemonth coupon immersion tests, however, showed no form of localized corrosion (SCC, crevice corrosion and pitting) occurred under simulated operating conditions. The coupon immersion test also showed that deposits are likely to form on C276 during service especially near the vapor/liquid interface. The CPP testing also showed that some differences occur with using five-constituent DWPF simulants (i.e. simple) as opposed to the more complex multi-constituent solution chemistry used in this testing. The testing was performed to establish a comparison point between older corrosion data (1980-90's) obtained with simple solution chemistry and the newer data. Tests with glycolate-based solutions, which were not tested prior to this study, the CPP data did not show a significant difference in corrosion behavior. For formate-based solutions, the difference was more significant with a change in operable corrosion mechanisms (i.e., anodic corrosion for a simple chemistry versus passivity for a complex chemistry). However, the lack of susceptibility to localized corrosion was found to be the same.

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Analysis of Glycolate in Radioactive Waste by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H NMR)

White

Coleman

DiPrete

et al. 2022

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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In preparation for implementing the Nitric-Glycolic (NG) acid flowsheet for the Savannah River Site (SRS) Liquid Waste System (LWS), analytical methods for determining glycolate at low concentration, below 20 mg/L in radioactive samples, were developed to support system management and safety. To accommodate the wide range of LWS matrix conditions, two alternative methods were developed, refined, and demonstrated for glycolate analysis in radioactive waste samples: ion chromatography (IC) and a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR). Investigators validated IC and H NMR methods for glycolate analysis, defined the range of applicability, and demonstrated key supporting analytical protocols. The deployed IC method is applicable in low to moderate ionic strength samples and requires sample pretreatment using a Dionex OnGuard II H + cartridge. The deployed H NMR method is more labor intensive but provides options for a broader range of matrices. Based on the results, high quality glycolate analysis of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) condensate in Tank 22 is feasible by IC down to approximately 12 mg/L. Using H NMR, glycolate may be determined to 8 mg/L or lower depending on the run time with the potential f o r b road er applicability of the method to higher ionic strength conditions in other tanks of the SRS LWS.

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Corrosion Testing of Monofrax K-3 Refractory in Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Alternate Reductant Feeds

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Glass-contact refractory of the nuclear waste vitrification melters in the United States: a review of corrosion data and melter life

Glass-contact refractory of the nuclear waste vitrification melters in the United States: a review of corrosion data and melter life

Influence of Glycolate Anion on Aqueous Corrosion in DWPF and Downstream Facilities – SCC Testing

Analysis of Glycolate in Radioactive Waste by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H NMR)

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