Cortex commands the performance of skilled movement

Guo, Jian-Zhong; Graves, Austin R; Guo, Wendy; Zheng, Jihong; Lee, Allen; Rodríguez‐González, J. A.; Li, Nuo; Macklin, John J.; Phillips, John; Mensh, Brett D.; Branson, Kristin; Hantman, Adam W.

doi:10.7554/elife.10774

Cited by 226 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To elicit movements in mice that require the motor cortex, we developed a paradigm in which head-fixed mice learn to pull a joystick a fixed distance with precision (Farr and Whishaw, 2002; Guo et al, 2015; Kawai, 2014). In this task, mice place their right forepaw on a bar, then reach to a joystick and attempt to pull it a short distance (~5mm) that falls within an acceptable range to earn a reward (Figure 1A, Figure S1A, Movie S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviorally Selective Engagement of Short-Latency Effector Pathways by Motor Cortex

Miri

Warriner

Seely³

et al. 2017

Neuron

149

179

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SUMMARY Blocking motor cortical output with lesions or pharmacological inactivation has identified movements that require motor cortex. Yet when and how motor cortex influences muscle activity during movement execution remains unresolved. We addressed this ambiguity using measurement and perturbation of motor cortical activity together with electromyography in mice during two forelimb movements that differ in their requirement for cortical involvement. Rapid optogenetic silencing and electrical stimulation indicated that short-latency pathways linking motor cortex with spinal motor neurons are selectively activated during one behavior. Analysis of motor cortical activity revealed a dramatic change between behaviors in the coordination of firing patterns across neurons that could account for this differential influence. Thus, our results suggest that changes in motor cortical output patterns enable a behaviorally-selective engagement of short-latency effector pathways. The model of motor cortical influence implied by our findings helps reconcile previous observations on the function of motor cortex.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviorally Selective Engagement of Short-Latency Effector Pathways by Motor Cortex

Miri

Warriner

Seely³

et al. 2017

Neuron

149

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Alternative head-fixation devices utilizing ring-shaped chambers offer greater stability and may be used for cellular-level two-photon microscopy, however the larger footprint of the ring attachment reduces the imaging area (Hefendehl et al, 2012;Osborne and Dudman, 2014). In addition to the Metabond adhesive used here and in other studies (Hira et al, 2009), chronic windows may also be created with clear-drying OrthoJet adhesive (Guo et al, 2015) or with cyanoacrylate based adhesives (Yang et al, 2010). Although we anticipate there to be slight differences between materials (such as drying time during surgery), all three of these adhesives have been used for some form transcranial imaging or optogenetic stimulation in mice (Drew et al, 2010;Hilton et al, 2016;Silasi et al, 2013;Vanni and Murphy, 2014;Yang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact skull chronic windows for mesoscopic wide-field imaging in awake mice

Silasi

Xiao

Vanni

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

194

193

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Background-Craniotomy-based window implants are commonly used for microscopic imaging, in head-fixed rodents, however their field of view is typically small and incompatible with mesoscopic functional mapping of cortex.New Method-We describe a reproducible and simple procedure for chronic through-bone widefield imaging in awake head-fixed mice providing stable optical access for chronic imaging over large areas of the cortex for months.Results-The preparation is produced by applying clear-drying dental cement to the intact mouse skull, followed by a glass coverslip to create a partially transparent imaging surface. Surgery time takes about 30 minutes. A single set-screw provides a stable means of attachment for mesoscale assessment without obscuring the cortical field of view.Comparison with Existing Methods-We demonstrate the utility of this method by showing seed-pixel functional connectivity maps generated from spontaneous cortical activity of GCAMP6 signals in both awake and anesthetized mice.Conclusions-We propose that the intact skull preparation described here may be used for most longitudinal studies that do not require micron scale resolution and where cortical neural or vascular signals are recorded with intrinsic sensors.

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“…Additionally, we acutely implanted S1 in an anesthetized vGAT-ChR2 mouse with a NeuroNexus 8 shank probe (with tetrode configurations) as previously described (Guo et al, 2014, 2015; Li et al, 2016; Zhao et al, 2011)). The fiber-optic was ~500 μm away from recorded neurons.…”

Section: Star ★ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorting of individual units was performed offline using MClust 4.4 (D. Redish), and a PSTH (10 ms bins) was computed for each isolated unit, triggered on the first pulse of the 50 Hz laser application (Figure S4). Putative GABA neurons had a spike width less than <0.35 ms (time from peak to trough, as in (Guo et al, 2014, 2015). …”

Section: Star ★ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatosensory Cortex Plays an Essential Role in Forelimb Motor Adaptation in Mice

Mathis

Uchida

2017

Neuron

158

139

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SUMMARY Our motor outputs are constantly re-calibrated to adapt to systematic perturbations. This motor adaptation is thought to depend on the ability to form a memory of a systematic perturbation, often called an internal model. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation, storage, and expression of such models remain unknown. Here, we developed a mouse model to study forelimb adaptation to force field perturbations. We found that temporally precise photoinhibition of somatosensory cortex (S1) applied concurrently with the force field abolished the ability to update subsequent motor commands needed to reduce motor errors. This S1 photoinhibition did not impair basic motor patterns, post-perturbation completion of the action, or their performance in a reward-based learning task. Moreover, S1 photoinhibition after partial adaptation blocked further adaptation, but did not affect the expression of already-adapted motor commands. Thus, S1 is critically involved in updating the memory about perturbation that is essential for forelimb motor adaptations.

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Cortex commands the performance of skilled movement

Cited by 226 publications

References 37 publications

Behaviorally Selective Engagement of Short-Latency Effector Pathways by Motor Cortex

Behaviorally Selective Engagement of Short-Latency Effector Pathways by Motor Cortex

Intact skull chronic windows for mesoscopic wide-field imaging in awake mice

Somatosensory Cortex Plays an Essential Role in Forelimb Motor Adaptation in Mice

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