Cortical activation during optokinetic stimulation – an fMRI study

Kikuchi, Masahiro; Naito, Yasushi; Senda, Michio; Okada, Tomohisa; Shinohara, Shogo; Fujiwara, Kenshu; Hori, Shinya; Tona, Yosuke; Yamazaki, Hiroshi

doi:10.1080/00016480802610226

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The topography of the network in this study (Fig. 5) is consistent with previous investigations into how this network processes sensory stimuli pertinent to maintaining balance (Bense et al, 2006;Brandt et al, 1998;Dieterich and Brandt, 2000;Kikuchi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This network can be subdivided into separate processing streams for different types of stimulus analysis, such as object recognition and motion processing. Furthermore, these processing streams can pass this information to other networks for use in multisensory integration (Cardin and Smith, 2010;Fetsch et al, 2009;Indovina et al, 2005;Kikuchi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partially processed information is passed to the extrastriate visual cortices, including the motion-sensitive visual cortex (hMT + ) (Dieterich et al, 2003;Kikuchi et al, 2009;Ohlendorf et al, 2008;Sunaert et al, 1999). If these cortical regions determine that the visual data might contain information pertinent to maintaining balance, other brain regions, including the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), the vestibular nuclei, and cerebellar structures, may be recruited to further process and integrate the information (Angelaki and Cullen, 2008;Bense et al, 2005;Bense et al, 2006;Dieterich and Brandt, 2000;Guerraz and Bronstein, 2008;Kovacs et al, 2008;Redfern et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered Connectivity of the Balance Processing Network After Tongue Stimulation in Balance-Impaired Individuals

Wildenberg

Tyler²,

Danilov³

et al. 2013

Brain Connectivity

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Some individuals with balance impairment have hypersensitivity of the motion-sensitive visual cortices (hMT + ) compared to healthy controls. Previous work showed that electrical tongue stimulation can reduce the exaggerated postural sway induced by optic flow in this subject population and decrease the hypersensitive response of hMT + . Additionally, a region within the brainstem (BS), likely containing the vestibular and trigeminal nuclei, showed increased optic flow-induced activity after tongue stimulation. The aim of this study was to understand how the modulation induced by tongue stimulation affects the balance-processing network as a whole and how modulation of BS structures can influence cortical activity. Four volumes of interest, discovered in a general linear model analysis, constitute major contributors to the balance-processing network. These regions were entered into a dynamic causal modeling analysis to map the network and measure any connection or topology changes due to the stimulation. Balance-impaired individuals had downregulated response of the primary visual cortex (V1) to visual stimuli but upregulated modulation of the connection between V1 and hMT + by visual motion compared to healthy controls ( p £ 1E-5). This upregulation was decreased to near-normal levels after stimulation. Additionally, the region within the BS showed increased response to visual motion after stimulation compared to both prestimulation and controls. Stimulation to the tongue enters the central nervous system at the BS but likely propagates to the cortex through supramodal information transfer. We present a model to explain these brain responses that utilizes an anatomically present, but functionally dormant pathway of information flow within the processing network.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Altered Connectivity of the Balance Processing Network After Tongue Stimulation in Balance-Impaired Individuals

Wildenberg

Tyler²,

Danilov³

et al. 2013

Brain Connectivity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The spatial distribution of this component included multiple brain regions. Activations of the visual association cortices (V5/hMT + and V3A) are expected for regions known to respond to motion in the visual field (Caplovitz and Tse, 2007;Kikuchi et al, 2009;McKeefry et al, 2009). Although we did not see any deactivation of…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Multiple brain regions, including the primary and association visual cortices, are thought to play a role in processing this visual information (Cardin and Smith, 2010;Dieterich and Brandt, 2000;Indovina et al, 2005;Kikuchi et al, 2009;Ohlendorf et al, 2008). This network is also the visual component of a larger multi-sensory network that processes information pertinent to maintaining balance (Angelaki and Cullen, 2008;Dieterich and Brandt, 2008;Slobounov et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Tongue Stimulation Normalizes Activity Within the Motion-Sensitive Brain Network in Balance-Impaired Subjects as Revealed by Group Independent Component Analysis

et al. 2011

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Multivariate analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data allows investigations into network behavior beyond simple activations of individual regions. We apply group independent component analysis to fMRI data collected in a previous study looking at the sustained neuromodulatory effects of electrical tongue stimulation in balance-impaired individuals. Twelve subjects with balance disorders viewed optic flow in an fMRI scanner before and after 5 days of electrical tongue stimulation. Nine healthy controls also viewed the visual stimuli but did not receive any stimulation. Multiple regression of the 47 estimated components found two that were modulated by the visual stimuli. Component 7, comprised primarily of the primary visual cortex (V1), responded to all visual stimuli and showed no difference in task-related activity between the healthy controls and the balance-impaired subjects before or after stimulation. Component 11 responded only to motion in the visual field and contained multiple cortical and subcortical regions involved in processing information pertinent to balance. Two-sample t-tests of the calculated signal change revealed that the task-related activity of this network is greater in balance-impaired subjects compared with controls before stimulation ( p = 0.02), but that this network hypersensitivity decreases after electrical tongue stimulation ( p = 0.001).

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The altered functional status in vestibular migraine: A meta‐analysis

Du,

Liu,

Zhu

2024

Brain and Behavior

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PurposeVestibular migraine (VM) is a disorder with prominent vestibular symptoms that are causally correlated with migraine and is the most prevalent neurological cause of episodic vertigo. Nevertheless, the functional underpinnings of VM remain largely unclear. This study aimed to reveal concordant alteration patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in VM patients.MethodsWe searched literature measuring resting‐state FC abnormalities of VM patients in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases before May 2023. Furthermore, we applied the anisotropic effect size‐signed differential mapping (AES‐SDM) to conduct a whole‐brain voxel‐wise meta‐analysis to identify the convergence of FC alterations in VM patients.ResultsNine studies containing 251 VM patients and 257 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Relative to HCs, VM patients showed reduced activity in the left superior temporal gyrus and left midcingulate/paracingulate gyri, and increased activity in the precuneus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. Jackknife's analysis and subgroup analysis further supported the generalization and robustness of the main results. Furthermore, meta‐regression analyses indicated that the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) ratings were positively correlated with the activity in the precuneus, while higher Headache Impact Test‐6 and DHI scores were associated with lower activity within the left midcingulate/paracingulate gyri.ConclusionsThe study indicates that VM is associated with specific functional deficits of VM patients in crucial regions involved in the vestibular and pain networks and provides further information on the pathophysiological mechanisms of VM.

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Cortical activation during optokinetic stimulation – an fMRI study

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Altered Connectivity of the Balance Processing Network After Tongue Stimulation in Balance-Impaired Individuals

Altered Connectivity of the Balance Processing Network After Tongue Stimulation in Balance-Impaired Individuals

Electrical Tongue Stimulation Normalizes Activity Within the Motion-Sensitive Brain Network in Balance-Impaired Subjects as Revealed by Group Independent Component Analysis

The altered functional status in vestibular migraine: A meta‐analysis

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