Cortical Activations during judgments about the self and an other person

Seger, Carol A.; Stone, Maria; Keenan, Julian Paul

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.003

Cited by 148 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Based on this model and a recent meta-analysis of the MFC contributions to goal-directed behavior (Ridderinkhof et al, 2004), the present findings suggest interactive roles for the dorsal aMPFC in selfmonitoring decisions, and the right dLPFC in mediating performance adjustments to maintain the veracity of such decisions relative to one's core self-schema. Consistent with this finding, robust dorsal aMPFC activation has been extensively demonstrated in studies requiring explicitly self-referential decision-making (Fossati et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2002;Kelley et al, 2002;Schmitz et al, 2004;Schmitz et al, In press;Seger et al, 2004;Zysset et al, 2002;Zysset et al, 2003), yet direct comparisons of activation evoked by self-referential relative to other-referential decisions (which do not require appraisal of one's internal self-schema) have shown a preferential right-hemisphere dorsal prefrontal neural response (Fossati et al, 2003;Schmitz et al, 2004). Among a group of traumatic brain injury patients, the magnitude of activation in this right dorsal PFC region was also recently shown to relate with self-evaluative accuracy about one's post-injury traits and abilities (Schmitz et al, In press).…”

Section: Dorsal Ampfc Networkmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Specifically, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms requiring cognitively based appraisals of one's personal characteristics (Fossati et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2002;Kelley et al, 2002;Schmitz, Kawahara, & Johnson, 2004;Schmitz, Rowley, Kawahara, & Johnson, In press) as well as one's subjective preference (Johnson et al, in press;Seger, Stone, & Keenan, 2004;Zysset, Huber, Ferstl, & von Cramon, 2002;Zysset et al, 2003) evoke widespread activation extending along the midline dorsal-ventral axis of the aMPFC. Bounded by the right and left superior frontal sulci, dorsal aMPFC encompasses Brodmann Areas (BA) 9m, superior sections of BA 10m and rostral sections of BA 32m, whereas the ventral aMPFC includes inferior sections of BAs 10m and 32m (Petrides & Pandya, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-appraisal decisions evoke dissociated dorsal—ventral aMPFC networks

2006

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The anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) is consistently active during personally salient decisions, yet the differential contributory processes of this region along the dorsal-ventral axis are less understood. Using a self-appraisal decision-making task and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated task-dependent connectivity of ventral aMPFC with amygdala, insula, and nucleus accumbens, and dorsal aMPFC connectivity with dorsolateral PFC and bilateral hippocampus. These aMPFC networks appear to subserve distinct contributory processes inherent to self-appraisal decisions, specifically a dorsally mediated cognitive and a ventrally mediated affective/self-relevance network.

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Section: Dorsal Ampfc Networkmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-appraisal decisions evoke dissociated dorsal—ventral aMPFC networks

2006

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“…Focusing on our own thoughts and feelings reduces empathy, whereas focusing on those of distressed Others increases empathy (Thompson, Cowan, & Rosenhan, 1980). Recent cognitive neuroscience research has found that imagining actions (Ruby & Decety, 2001), beliefs (Ruby & Decety, 2003), feelings (Ruby & Decety, 2004), or food preferences (Seger, Stone, & Keenan, 2004) from the first (Self) and third person (Other) perspectives produce some overlap in terms of brain activation patterns. However, the posterior cingulate, right temporo-parietal junction, and prefrontal cortex are generally associated with third-person perspective.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain

et al. 2006

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Perspective-taking is a stepping stone to human empathy. When empathizing with another individual, one can imagine how the other perceives the situation and feels as a result. To what extent does imagining the other differs from imagining oneself in similar painful situations? In this functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants were shown pictures of people with their hands or feet in painful or non-painful situations and instructed to imagine and rate the level of pain perceived from different perspectives. Both the Self's and the Other's perspectives were associated with activation in the neural network involved in pain processing, including the parietal operculum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA32) and anterior insula. However, the Self-perspective yielded higher pain ratings and involved the pain matrix more extensively in the secondary somatosensory cortex, the ACC (BA 24a /24b ), and the insula proper. Adopting the perspective of the Other was associated with specific increase in the posterior cingulate/precuneus and the right temporo-parietal junction. These results show the similarities between Self-and Other-pain representation, but most interestingly they also highlight some distinctiveness between these two representations, which is a crucial aspect of human empathy. It may be what allows us to distinguish empathic responses to others versus our own personal distress. These findings are consistent with the view that empathy does not involve a complete Self-Other merging.

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“…Others have reported that self and other decisions both activated bilateral medial areas of the frontal and parietal lobes and the bilateral insula in comparison to a letter task [41]. These evaluative judgment are associated with activation in the anterior frontomedian cortex (BA 10/9), the inferior precuneus (BA 23/31), and the left inferior prefrontal cortex (BA 45/47).…”

Section: Neural Systems Relevant For Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of neuroimaging for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders

Paulus

2008

Depress. Anxiety

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Neuroimaging comprises a set of tools, which include different types of magnetic resonance imaging such as fMRI, MRS, ASL, and radiotracer imaging such as PET and SPECT. The focus of this review is to address the question whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders. Key anxiety processes and neural substrates are reviewed. The main findings and shortcomings of fMRI in the context of anxiety are briefly summarized. Finally, the next stages of developing fMRI for diagnosis and treatment are highlighted. The main conclusion of this review is that fMRI could become a clinical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders but neuroimaging groups will need to better develop its specificity and sensitivity so that fMRI results can be meaningful for an individual patient not just for groups of individuals. fMRI -what is it and what does it measure?Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique that enables one to map cognitive, affective, and experiential processes onto brain substrates. However, fMRI is not about increased or decreased activation in a certain part of the brain; rather it is a proxy measure about how complex cognitive, emotional, social and other experiential processes are implemented in different neural systems. For example, it is important to realize that it makes little sense to talk about hyperactivity in the amygdala in individuals with anxiety disorder without referencing the process, which is being measured during the amygdala hyperactivity, i.e. the task that individuals are engaged in while the functional images are obtained. Although the human brain comprises only about 2% of the body mass, it accounts for approximately 20% of its total oxygen consumption [1]. Deoxyhemoglobin has paramagnetic effects in the blood upon the nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation times of nearby water protons in the tissue [2]. The fact that changes in the oxygen level in the blood can affect the fraction of hemoglobin in the deoxygenated state can be utilized as an image contrast and was termed as blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) [3]. Recent BOLD fMRI experiments in the awake Correspondence should be sent to: Martin P Paulus, Professor in Residence,

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Cortical Activations during judgments about the self and an other person

Cited by 148 publications

References 60 publications

Self-appraisal decisions evoke dissociated dorsal—ventral aMPFC networks

Self-appraisal decisions evoke dissociated dorsal—ventral aMPFC networks

Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain

The role of neuroimaging for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders

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