Cortical computation of stereo disparity

McLoughlin, Niall; Grossberg, Stephen

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00122-3

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This correspondence problem is ill-posed as there are many possible false matches between individual dots, as illustrated in gure 1 for the wallpaper illusion. These observations led to a substantial research focus on solving the correspondence problem in early stereo vision, as exempli ed by the well-known model by Marr & Poggio (1976, 1979 in the 1970s and many other models since then (Prazdny 1985;Pollard et al 1985;Qian & Sejnowski 1989;Nasrabadi et al 1989;Geiger et al 1995;Marshall et al 1996;McLoughlin & Grossberg 1998;Watanabe & Fukushima 1999;Read 2002). These models employ cooperative algorithms (or indirectly, using optimizations or Bayesian approaches) that use contextual information to nd true binocular matches among all possible matches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre–attentive segmentation and correspondence in stereo

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Traditional stereo grouping models have focused on the problem of stereo correspondence between monocular inputs. Recent physiological data revealed that the disparity selective V2 cells increase their responses when (random-dot stereograms) stimuli within their receptive elds are at or near the boundary of a depth surface. Such highlights to depth (non-luminance) edges are seemingly not computationally required for the correspondence problem. Computationally, these highlights make the boundaries of a depth surface more salient, serving pre-attentive segmentation (between depth planes) and attracting visual attention. In special cases, they enable the psychophysically observed perceptual pop-out of a target from a background of visually identical distractors at a different depth. To achieve the highlights, mutual inhibition between disparity selective cells that are tuned to the same or similar depths is required. However, such mutual inhibition would impede the computation for the correspondence problem, which requires mutual excitation between the same cells. In this work, I introduce a computational model that, I believe, is the rst to address both stereo correspondence and pre-attentive stereo segmentation. The computational mechanisms in the model are based on intracortical interactions in V2. I will demonstrate that the model captures the following physiological and psychophysical phenomena: (i) depth-edge highlighting; (ii) disparity capture; (iii) pop-out; and (iv) transparency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the previous models (Nasrabadi et al 1989;Geiger et al 1995;McLoughlin & Grossberg 1998;Watanabe & Fukushima 1999;Read 2002) also include a third or alternative ingredient that takes into account the relatively fewer unmatched monocular images for the perception of occlusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre–attentive segmentation and correspondence in stereo

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…7,8 Bir objeye iki farklı açıdan bakan gözlere düşen görüntüde oluşan farklılıkların birleştirilmesi ve farklılıkların tek karede toplanmasıyla üç boyut oluşmaktadır. Buna göre tek gözle üç boyutlu görme ortadan kalkacak gibi görünse de öyle olmamaktadır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Refraksiyon Kusurları ve Yaşın Stereopsise Etkisi

Yıldız¹,

Bardak²

2011

tjo

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Amaç: Refraksiyon kusurları ve yaşın stereopsis üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmak. Ge reç ve Yön tem: Çalışmaya, gözlerinde refraksiyon kusuru dışında herhangi bir patoloji olmayan, görme keskinlikleri tam; randomize olarak şeçilmiş 1488 olgu dahil edildi. Olgular 10 -19 (Grup 2, n=258), 20 -29 (Grup 2, n=264), 30 -39 (Grup 3, n=246), 40-49 (Grup 4, n=246), 50 -59 (Grup 5, n=246) ve 60 ila üzeri (Grup 6, n=228) olmak üzere yaşlarına göre 6 gruba ayrıldı. Ayrıca her grup kendi içerisinde miyop (a), miyopik astigmatizma (b), hipermetropi (c), hipermetropik astigmatizma (d), emetrop (e) olmak üzere beşe ayrıldı. Olguların refraksiyon kusurları düzeltildikten sonra polarize gözlükle 16 inç (405 mm) mesafeden Titmus testi uygulandı. Olguların stereopsis düzeyleri titmus test üzerindeki "Halka testi" kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Sum maryPur po se: To investigate the effects of age and refractive errors on stereopsis. Ma te ri al and Met hod: The present study included 1488 cases which were randomly selected, had full vision and no eye pathology except refractive errors. The patients were divided into six groups according to their age: 10-19 (Group 1, n=258), 20-29 (Group 2, n=264), 30-39 (Group 3, n=246), 40-49 (Group 4, n=246), 50-59 (Group 5, n=246), and 60 years and over (Group 6, n=228). Additionally, each group was divided according to refractive errors: myopia (a), myopic astigmatism (b), hyperopia (c), hyperopic astigmatism (d), emetropia (e). Titmus test was applied to all cases from 16 inches (405 mm) distance with polarized glasses after correcting the refractive errors. Stereoacuity was evaluated using the Titmus circle test. Re sults: Mean stereoacuity was 41.1±3.2 arc\s in group 1, 45.3±24.6 arc\s in group 2, 42.6±5.0 arc\s in group 3, 44.1±10.7 arc\s in group 4, 45.8±24.8 arc\s in group 5, and 41.3±3.4 arc\s in group 6. Mean stereoacuity was found to be 45.4±24.2 arc\s in myopia, 41.3±4.2 arc\s in myopic astigmatism, 45.3±21.4 arc\s in hyperopia, 41.4±3.6 arc\s in hyperopic astigmatism, and 41.9±4.4 arc\s in emetropia in the refractive error groups. No statistically significant differences were detected in evaluation between age groups, refraction groups according to age and refraction groups. Dis cus si on: No significant effects of age and refractive errors on stereoacuity were found in our study. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 372-5)

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“…polarities. It has been proposed that aet.ivities from simple cells of the same polarity facilitate each other while opposite polarities inhibit each other, before all polarity combinations of this interaction arc half.· wave rcet,iHed and added to generate the Hna1 complex cell response (McLoughlin & Grossberg, 1998;Ohzawa & Freeman, 1986a, 198Gb). This ensures that complex cells pool both polarities of contrast., yet only match across like polarities.…”

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grossberg (1994) further developed the BCS model by introducing FACADE theory to explain perceptual and neural data about 3-D vision a.ncl figure-ground separation. Grossberg and l\IIcLoughlin (1997) and McLoughlin and Grossberg (1998) refined FACADE theory to simulate data about da Vinci stereopsis (Gillam & Bm·sting, 1988;Kaye, 1978;Lawson & Gulick, 1967;Nakayama & Shimo· jo, 1990;Wheatstone, 1838) and about dichoptie masking, contrast-sensitive binocular matching, and Panum's limiting case (Smallman & McKee, 1995;McKee, Bravo, Taylor, & Legge, 1994b ). These simulations used model interactions from LGN ON and OFF cells to cortiea1 simple and complex cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%