Cortical contributions to impaired contour integration in schizophrenia

Silverstein, Steven M.; Harms, Michael P.; Carter, Cameron S.; Gold, James M.; Keane, Brian; MacDonald, Angus W.; Ragland, J. Daniel; Deanna, M

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.003

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This is consistent with the possibility that some of the differences in the function of the cortical visual system which have been reported between schizophrenia patients and controls (e.g., Green et al, 2009b; Silverstein et al, 2015; Yoon et al, 2008) might be downstream effects related to individual differences in inputs from the subcortical visual system. It will be important for future work to investigate how such individual differences in the structure of early visual areas might relate to individual differences in the function of those areas in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Linking optic radiation volume to visual perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Reavis

Lee

Wynn

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

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People with schizophrenia typically show visual processing deficits on masking tasks and other performance-based measures, while people with bipolar disorder may have related deficits. The etiology of these deficits is not well understood. Most neuroscientific studies of perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have focused on visual processing areas in the cerebral cortex, but perception also depends on earlier components of the visual system that few studies have examined in these disorders. Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), we investigated the structure of the primary sensory input pathway to the cortical visual system: the optic radiations. We used probabilistic tractography to identify the optic radiations in 32 patients with schizophrenia, 31 patients with bipolar disorder, and 30 healthy controls. The same participants also performed a visual masking task outside the scanner. We characterized the optic radiations with three structural measures: fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and tract volume. We did not find significant differences in those structural measures across groups. However, we did find a significant correlation between the volume of the optic radiations and visual masking thresholds that was unique to the schizophrenia group and explained variance in masking performance above and beyond that previously accounted for by differences in visual cortex. Thus, individual differences in the volume of the optic radiations explained more variance in visual masking performance in the schizophrenia group than the bipolar or control groups. This suggests that individual differences in the structure of the subcortical visual system have an important influence on visual processing in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Linking optic radiation volume to visual perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Reavis

Lee

Wynn

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Visual processing deficits are well established in schizophrenia (e.g., Butler, Silverstein, & Dakin, 2008;Silverstein & Keane, 2011) and have been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying difficulties not just with perceptual abnormalities and tasks in the visual domain, but also more downstream cognitive abnormalities (Green, Hellemann, Horan, Lee, & Wynn, 2012). In schizophrenia, our group and others have demonstrated associations between regional activation abnormalities in early and midlevel visual processing areas (e.g., striate and extrastriate cortex; lateral occipital complex) and performance on specific visual tasks (Anderson et al, 2017;Green et al, 2009;Martinez et al, 2008;Silverstein et al, 2015). Areas within the MVN and LVN correspond to several of these previously explored visual processing regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Linking resting‐state networks and social cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Jimenez

Riedel

Lee

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder show alterations in functional neural connectivity during rest. However, resting‐state network (RSN) disruptions have not been systematically compared between the two disorders. Further, the impact of RSN disruptions on social cognition, a key determinant of functional outcome, has not been studied. Forty‐eight individuals with schizophrenia, 46 with bipolar disorder, and 48 healthy controls completed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. An atlas‐based approach was used to examine functional connectivity within nine RSNs across the cortex. RSN connectivity was assessed via nonparametric permutation testing, and associations with performance on emotion perception, mentalizing, and emotion management tasks were examined. Group differences were observed in the medial and lateral visual networks and the sensorimotor network. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated reduced connectivity relative to healthy controls in all three networks. Individuals with bipolar disorder demonstrated reduced connectivity relative to controls in the medial visual network and connectivity within this network was significantly positively correlated with emotion management. In healthy controls, connectivity within the medial and lateral visual networks positively correlated with mentalizing. No significant correlations were found for either visual network in schizophrenia. Results highlight the role of altered early visual processing in social cognitive deficits in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, individuals with bipolar disorder appear to compensate for disrupted visual network connectivity on social cognitive tasks, whereas those with schizophrenia do not. The current study adds clarity on the neurophysiology underlying social cognitive deficits that result in impaired functioning in serious mental illness.

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“…The paucity of significant effects of group or condition for P1 and N1 components suggests that differences in task performance were not strongly reflected in brain activity within 0-200 ms after stimulus presentation. Instead, robust flanker and group effects in the P2 and P3 components suggest that deficits in surround suppression and contour integration are in part related to higher order perceptual processing (Keane et al 2014;Silverstein et al 2015b) . Moreover, we observed that P2 and P3 amplitudes were correlated with behavioral contextual modulation indices such that individuals for whom contour perception was more strongly affected by flanker orientation also showed greater P2 and P3 amplitude differences between flanker conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Influence of Perceptual Context in Schizophrenia: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Evidence

Pokorny

Lano

Schallmo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Words: 248 Body Words: 4379 Tables: 1 Figures:4 Supplemental Information: 3 pages of text Pokorny et al. 2 Abstract Background: Accurate perception of visual contours is essential for seeing and differentiating objects in the environment. Both the ability to detect visual contours and the influence of perceptual context created by surrounding stimuli are diminished in people with schizophrenia. The central aim of the present study was to better understand the biological underpinnings of impaired contour integration and weakened effects of perceptual context. Additionally, we sought to determine whether visual perceptual abnormalities reflect genetic factors in schizophrenia and are present in other severe mental disorders. Methods: We examined behavioral data and event-related potentials (ERPs) collected during the perception of simple linear contours embedded in similar background stimuli in 27 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 23 patients with bipolar disorder, 23 first-degree relatives of SCZ and 37 controls. Results: SCZ exhibited impaired visual contour detection while patients with bipolar disorder exhibited intermediate performance. The orientation of neighboring stimuli (i.e., flankers) relative to the contour modulated perception across all groups, but SCZ exhibited weakened suppression by the perceptual context created by flankers. Late visual (occipital P2) and cognitive (centroparietal P3) neural responses showed group differences and flanker orientation effects, unlike earlier ERPs (occipital P1 and N1). Moreover, behavioral effects of flanker context on contour perception were correlated with modulation in P2/P3 amplitudes.Conclusion: In addition to replicating and extending findings of abnormal contour integration and visual context modulation in SCZ, we provide novel evidence that abnormal use of perceptual context is associated with higher-order sensory and cognitive processes.Butler PD, Abeles IY, Silverstein SM, Dias EC, Weiskopf NG, Calderone DJ, Sehatpour P (2013). An event-related potential examination of contour integration deficits in schizophrenia. Frontiers in psychology 4 , 132.

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Cortical contributions to impaired contour integration in schizophrenia

Cited by 45 publications

References 90 publications

Linking optic radiation volume to visual perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Linking optic radiation volume to visual perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Linking resting‐state networks and social cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Reduced Influence of Perceptual Context in Schizophrenia: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Evidence

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