Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion.

Grossberg, Stephen; Rudd, Michael E.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.78

Cited by 88 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Baloch and Grossberg (1997) modeled TAM to involve three interacting subprocesses: (1) a boundary completion process (V1 ® interstripe V2 ® V4); (2) a surface filling-in process (blob V1® thin stripe V2 ® V4); and (3) a long-range apparent motion process (V1 ® MT ® MST). These three processes have been described in earlier work by Grossberg and colleagues (Cohen & Grossberg, 1984;Francis & Grossberg, 1996a, 1996bGrossberg, 1994;Grossberg & Mingolla, 1985a, 1985bGrossberg & Rudd, 1992;Grossberg & Todorović, 1988), but, in order to accommodate TAM, Baloch and Grossberg added a new link between V2 and MT in their model to allow the motion processing stream to track emerging boundaries and filled-in surface colors. According to the model, these three processing streams generate three separate moving waves of cortical activation-(1) a boundary completion wave, (2) a wave of filled-in color, and (3) a wave of motion energy-any or all of which might underlie the percept of TAM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The duration of 3-D form analysis in transformational apparent motion

Tse

Logothetis

2002

Perception & Psychophysics

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Transformational apparent motion (TAM) occurs when a figure changes discretely from one configuration to another overlapping configuration. Rather than an abrupt shape change, the initial shape is perceived to transform smoothly into the final shape as if animated by a series of intermediate shapes. We find that TAM follows an analysis of form that takes 80-140 msec. Form analysis can function both at and away from equiluminance and can occur over contours defined by uniform regions as well as outlines. Moreover, the forms analyzed can be 3-D, resulting in motion paths that appear to smoothly project out from or into the stimulus plane. The perceived transformation is generally the one that involves the least change in the shape or location of the initial figure in a 3-D sense. We conclude that perception of TAM follows an analysis of 3-D form that takes ≈100msec. This stage of form analysis may be common to both TAM and second-order motion

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The duration of 3-D form analysis in transformational apparent motion

Tse

Logothetis

2002

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The between-element activation was characterized by Grossberg and Rudd (1992) as the sum of two spatially displaced Gaussian distributions of activation, one decreasing in strength (at the start of the motion path) while at the same time the other is increasing in strength (at the end of the motion path). It was characterized by Shepard (1984) as activation spreading across points lying on a representational geometric surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential activation solution to the

Gilroy

Hock

Ploeger

2001

Perception & Psychophysics

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The correspondence problem in motion perception is concerned with how the visual system establishes pairwise correspondences between the elements belonging to one set of simultaneously presented, discrete elements and those belonging to a subsequent, second set of simultaneously presented elements. The "problem" arises when there is the possibility of different combinations of correspondence matches, and therefore, competing motion paths for each element (Attneave, 1974;Kolers, 1972). The "solution" entails establishing which of the alternative motion paths is perceived. In this study we examined "minimal mapping theory" (Ullman, 1979) as the basis for solving the motion correspondence problem and propose an alternative that depends on the differential activation of directionally selective motion detectors that respond selectively to the competing motions.According to minimal mapping theory, whether or not a match is established between an element ("correspondence token") presented during one time interval and an element ("correspondence token") presented during the following time interval depends on stimulus attributes that affect the affinity of the pair of elements. Some attributes, like interelement distance and element similarity, directly affect affinity. Elements that are near each other have stronger affinity than elements that are further apart, leading to the "nearest neighbor" solution to the motion correspondence problem (e.g., Burt & Sperling, 1981;Hock, Kelso, & Schöner, 1993;Shechter, Hochstein, & Hillman, 1988;Ullman, 1979). Other stimulus attributes neither increase nor decrease affinity. Instead, they "equate" the effects of affinity on correspondence strength that arise from other attributes; for example, long interframe intervals between the presentation of the elements reduce differences in correspondence strength due to differences in the distance between the elements.The minimal mapping solution to the correspondence problem, the determination of the motion path perceived when more than one path is possible, then depends on local competition (interaction) modifying the correspondence strengths established by stimulus-determined element affinities. Both split competition (when an element presented during one time interval has possible matches with two or more elements presented during the next time interval) and fusion competition (when two or more elements presented during one time interval have the same element as a possible match during the next time interval) affect the ultimate strength of element correspondences. However, the effectiveness of local inhibitory competition depends on there being differences in affinity for the pairs of elements defining the alterna- 847Copyright 2001 Psychonomic Society, Inc.We thank Gregor Schöner, Cynthia Park, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Correspondence should be addressed to H. Hock, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 (e-mail: hockhs@fau.edu). The correspondence problem arises in...

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“…This interaction could enable form representations to be tracked by the motion stream at their correct depths as they move through time. A model of this formotion interaction has successfully simulated many perceptual and brain data about motion perception 22,23,37,38 . This model predicts an important functional role for percepts of long-range apparent motion, whereby observers perceive continuous motion between properly timed but spatially stationary flashes of color or brightness.…”

Section: Complementary Form and Motion Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%