Cortical Gyrification Morphology in Individuals with ASD and ADHD across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gharehgazlou, Avideh; Freitas, Carina; Ameis, Stephanie H.; Taylor, Margot J.; Lerch, Jason P.; Raduà, Joaquim; Anagnostou, Evdokia

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa381

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Importantly, we found no significant between-group differences in l GI in school-aged children and adolescent youth. This is in agreement with the results of our recent systematic review and meta-analysis of previous ASD and ADHD gyrification studies ( Gharehgazlou et al. 2020 ) suggesting that the null findings were not the result of identified limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A limited number of studies have examined gyrification morphology in ASD and ADHD with contradictory results, possibly due to small sample sizes among other limitations ( Gharehgazlou et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the available modalities for studying cortical gyrification, we chose to focus our efforts on computing the local Gyrification Index ( l GI), an extension of the Gyrification Index (GI) measure, which allows the detection of local, rather than global, atypicalities. l GI has been implemented to study cortical gyrification in NDDs ( Gharehgazlou et al. 2020 ) and other psychiatric disorders ( Depping et al.…”

Section: Introductonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical Gyrification Morphology in ASD and ADHD: Implication for Further Similarities or Disorder-Specific Features?

et al. 2021

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Shared etiological pathways are suggested in ASD and ADHD given high rates of comorbidity, phenotypic overlap and shared genetic susceptibility. Given the peak of cortical gyrification expansion and emergence of ASD and ADHD symptomology in early development, we investigated gyrification morphology in 539 children and adolescents (6–17 years of age) with ASD (n=197) and ADHD (n=96) compared to typically developing controls (n=246) using the local Gyrification Index (lGI) to provide insight into contributing etiopathological factors in these two disorders. We also examined IQ effects and functional implications of gyrification by exploring the relation between lGI and ASD and ADHD symptomatology beyond diagnosis. General Linear Models yielded no group differences in lGI, and across groups, we identified an age-related decrease of lGI and greater lGI in females compared to males. No diagnosis-by-age interactions were found. Accounting for IQ variability in the model (n=484) yielded similar results. No significant associations were found between lGI and social communication deficits, repetitive and restricted behaviours, inattention or adaptive functioning. By examining both disorders and controls using shared methodology, we found no evidence of atypicality in gyrification as measured by the lGI in these conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical Gyrification Morphology in ASD and ADHD: Implication for Further Similarities or Disorder-Specific Features?

et al. 2021

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“…A recent study demonstrated that leptin is also associated with the emergence of inhibitory function of GABAergic neurons (79). Given the repeated observations of altered cortical structures (80)(81)(82), reduced white matter integrity (83,84), and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance (85,86) in ASD, it seems plausible to assume that leptin levels at birth play an important role in ASD etiopathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Among Maternal Metabolic Conditions, Cord Serum Leptin Levels, and Autistic Symptoms in Children

et al. 2022

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IntroductionAccumulating evidence has shown that maternal metabolic conditions, such as pre-pregnancy overweight, diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are potential risk factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unclear how these maternal conditions lead to neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring, including autistic symptoms. Leptin, an adipokine that has pro-inflammatory effects and affects fetal neurodevelopment, is a candidate mediator of the association between maternal metabolic factors and an increased risk of ASD. However, whether prenatal exposure to leptin mediates the association between maternal metabolic conditions and autistic symptoms in children has not been investigated yet.MethodsThis study investigated the associations between mothers' metabolic conditions (pre-pregnancy overweight, diabetes mellitus during or before pregnancy, and HDP), leptin concentrations in umbilical cord serum, and autistic symptoms among 762 children from an ongoing cohort study, using generalized structural equation modeling. We used the Social Responsive Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) at 8–9 years old to calculate total T-scores. Additionally, we used the T-scores for two subdomains: Social Communication and Interaction (SCI) and Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior (RRB).ResultsUmbilical cord leptin levels were associated with pre-pregnancy overweight [coefficient = 1.297, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.081–1.556, p = 0.005] and diabetes mellitus (coefficient = 1.574, 95% CI 1.206–2.055, p = 0.001). Furthermore, leptin levels were significantly associated with SRS-2 total T-scores (coefficient = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000–1.004, p = 0.023), SCI scores (coefficient = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000–1.004, p = 0.020), and RRB scores (coefficient = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000–1.003, p = 0.044) in children. Associations between maternal metabolic factors and autistic symptoms were not significant.DiscussionThe present study uncovered an association between cord leptin levels and autistic symptoms in children, while maternal metabolic conditions did not have an evident direct influence on the outcome. These results imply that prenatal pro-inflammatory environments affected by maternal metabolic conditions may contribute to the development of autistic symptoms in children. The findings warrant further investigation into the role of leptin in the development of autistic symptoms.

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“… 1 However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent and usually not replicable. 1 2 To date, there is not a single neuroimaging marker for ADHD diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Decreased Brain Surface Complexity in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2022

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Cortical Gyrification Morphology in Individuals with ASD and ADHD across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 88 publications

Cortical Gyrification Morphology in ASD and ADHD: Implication for Further Similarities or Disorder-Specific Features?

Cortical Gyrification Morphology in ASD and ADHD: Implication for Further Similarities or Disorder-Specific Features?

Associations Among Maternal Metabolic Conditions, Cord Serum Leptin Levels, and Autistic Symptoms in Children

Decreased Brain Surface Complexity in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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