Cortical Morphometric Abnormality and Its Association with Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Si, Fei-Fei; Liu, Lu; Li, Haimei; Sun, Li; Cao, Qingjiu; Lu, Hanna; Wang, Yufeng; Qian, Qiujin

doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0333

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Our study found limited association between cortex mean curvature and ADHD diagnosis or executive function ability. Mean curvature is less studied than cortical thickness in clinical populations, but these findings are in keeping with previous studies (Forde et al, 2017;Shaw et al, 2012;Si et al, 2021). We found one area in the left inferior temporal region that was associated with working memory performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Relationship Between Cortical Thickness and Executive Function Measures in Children With and Without ADHD

Sarabin,

Harkness,

Murias

2023

J Atten Disord

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Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity; however, other executive function dysregulation is common, including inhibition and working memory. This study aims to identify CT differences based on executive function performance in individuals with and without ADHD. Methods: Data for this study was acquired from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) database (61 ADHD, and 61 age and sex matched controls). General linear models were used to assess relationships between measures, CT, and diagnosis. Results: We found a significant relation between CT and working memory scores in the right precentral area. Additionally, we found significant interactions between CT, diagnosis, and measure outcome in the Flanker assessment (in the left fusiform area) and the attention score of the CBCL (in the right precentral region). Conclusion: This suggests that there may be different relationships that exist between CT and executive function in children with ADHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Relationship Between Cortical Thickness and Executive Function Measures in Children With and Without ADHD

Sarabin,

Harkness,

Murias

2023

J Atten Disord

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“…But this relationship was absent in children with ADHD. Instead, smaller GMV [ 46 ] and thinner cortical thickness [ 47 ] in the temporal region were associated with poorer working memory performance in children with ADHD. The inconsistent results may be due to small sample sizes, methodological differences, and heterogeneity of the disorder [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic patterns linked to gray matter alterations underlying working memory deficits in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2023

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, with onset in childhood and a considerable likelihood to persist into adulthood. Our previous work has identified that across adults and adolescents with ADHD, gray matter volume (GMV) alteration in the frontal cortex was consistently associated with working memory underperformance, and GMV alteration in the cerebellum was associated with inattention. Recent knowledge regarding ADHD genetic risk loci makes it feasible to investigate genomic factors underlying these persistent GMV alterations, potentially illuminating the pathology of ADHD persistence. Based on this, we applied a sparsity-constrained multivariate data fusion approach, sparse parallel independent component analysis, to GMV variations in the frontal and cerebellum regions and candidate risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from 341 unrelated adult participants, including 167 individuals with ADHD, 47 unaffected siblings, and 127 healthy controls. We identified one SNP component significantly associated with one GMV component in superior/middle frontal regions and replicated this association in 317 adolescents from ADHD families. The association was stronger in individuals with ADHD than in controls, and stronger in adults and older adolescents than in younger ones. The SNP component highlights 93 SNPs in long non-coding RNAs mainly in chromosome 5 and 21 protein-coding genes that are significantly enriched in human neuron cells. Eighteen identified SNPs have regulation effects on gene expression, transcript expression, isoform percentage, or methylation level in frontal regions. Identified genes highlight MEF2C, CADM2, and CADPS2, which are relevant for modulating neuronal substrates underlying high-level cognition in ADHD, and their causality effects on ADHD persistence await further investigations. Overall, through a multivariate analysis, we have revealed a genomic pattern underpinning the frontal gray matter variation related to working memory deficit in ADHD.

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Zuranolone therapy protects frontal cortex neurodevelopment and improves behavioral outcomes after preterm birth

Moloney,

Palliser,

Pavy

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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BackgroundPreterm birth is associated with brain injury and long‐term behavioral abnormalities, for which there are limited prevention options. When born preterm, infants prematurely lose placental neurosteroid (allopregnanolone) support. This increases the risk of excitotoxic damage to the brain, which increases the risk of injury, causing long‐term deficits in behavior, myelination, and alterations to neurotransmitter pathways. We propose that postnatal restoration of neurosteroid action through zuranolone therapy will reduce neurological impairments following preterm birth.Methods:Guinea pig dams underwent survival cesarean section surgery to deliver pups prematurely (GA64) or at term (GA69). Between birth and term equivalence age, preterm pups received vehicle (15% β‐cyclodextrin) or the allopregnanolone analogue zuranolone (1 mg/kg/day). Behavioral analysis was performed at postnatal day (PND) 7 and 40, before tissue collection at PND 42. Immunostaining for myelin basic protein (MBP), as well as real‐time polymerase chain reaction to characterize oligodendrocyte lineage and neurotransmitter pathways, was performed in frontal cortex tissues.Results:Zuranolone treatment prevented the hyperactive phenotype in preterm‐born offspring, most markedly in males. Additionally, preterm‐related reductions in MBP were ameliorated. Several preterm‐related alterations in mRNA expression of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways were also restored back to that of a term control level.Conclusion:This is the first study to assess zuranolone treatment as a neuroprotective therapy following preterm birth. Zuranolone treatment improved behavioral outcomes and structural changes in the preterm offspring, which continued long term until at least a late childhood timepoint. Clinical studies are warranted for further exploring the neuroprotective possibilities of this treatment following preterm birth.

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Cortical Morphometric Abnormality and Its Association with Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 4 publications

References 72 publications

The Relationship Between Cortical Thickness and Executive Function Measures in Children With and Without ADHD

The Relationship Between Cortical Thickness and Executive Function Measures in Children With and Without ADHD

Genomic patterns linked to gray matter alterations underlying working memory deficits in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Zuranolone therapy protects frontal cortex neurodevelopment and improves behavioral outcomes after preterm birth

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