Cortical visual impairment as an initial clinical manifestation of post-traumatic brain injury: A case report and review of literature

Faried, Ahmad; Baselim, Ismail M.; Sendjaja, Andi N.; Arifin, Muhammad Z.

doi:10.1016/j.inat.2019.100485

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…57,58 Recent studies reported 36% of neuro-ophthalmic injury cases and 40% of orbital fracture cases among combat ocular trauma with an outcome of legally blind (VA of 6/60 or less with best correction or widest visual field of no greater than 20 degrees, both in the better eye). 33,34 Head injury-associated lesions of the occipital cortex, either hemorrhage or edema, cause cortical visual impairment (CVI), 59,60 which may be transient or permanent. Transient visual loss is found in several case reports involving mostly children who eventually regained pre-traumatic VA one day to 5 months after injury.…”

Section: A) Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Afferent Visual Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Saliman

Belli

2021

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes structural and functional damage to the central nervous system including the visual pathway. Defects in the afferent visual pathways affect visual function and in severe cases causes complete visual loss. Visual dysfunction is detectable by structural and functional ophthalmic examinations that are routine in the eye clinic, including examination of the pupillary light reflex and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Assessment of pupillary light reflex is a non-invasive assessment combining afferent and efferent visual function. While a flashlight assessment is relatively insensitive, automated pupillometry marked 95% specificity and 78.1% sensitivity in detecting TBIrelated visual and cerebral dysfunction with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69-0.78. OCT may also serve as a non-invasive biomarker of TBI severity, demonstrating changes in the retinal ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer throughout the range of TBI severity even in the absence of visual symptoms. This review discusses the impact of TBI on visual structure and function.

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