Corticospinal tract development and its plasticity after perinatal injury

Eyre, J A

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.05.011

Cited by 267 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(141 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

233

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These results from infants are consistent with experimental studies in immature cats showing that corticospinal tracks from each side initially project bilaterally into both ventral horns of the spinal cord [Eyre, 2007]. As the animal matures, axons from corticospinal projections are pruned depending on neuronal activity, and there is competition between axons projected from each hemisphere.…”

Section: Plasticity In Children With Cerebral Palsysupporting

confidence: 88%

Plasticity in the developing brain: Implications for rehabilitation

Johnston

2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

444

273

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuronal plasticity allows the central nervous system to learn skills and remember information, to reorganize neuronal networks in response to environmental stimulation, and to recover from brain and spinal cord injuries. Neuronal plasticity is enhanced in the developing brain and it is usually adaptive and beneficial but can also be maladaptive and responsible for neurological disorders in some situations. Basic mechanisms that are involved in plasticity include neurogenesis, programmed cell death, and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Repetitive stimulation of synapses can cause long-term potentiation or long-term depression of neurotransmission. These changes are associated with physical changes in dendritic spines and neuronal circuits. Overproduction of synapses during postnatal development in children contributes to enhanced plasticity by providing an excess of synapses that are pruned during early adolescence. Clinical examples of adaptive neuronal plasticity include reorganization of cortical maps of the fingers in response to practice playing a stringed instrument and constraint-induced movement therapy to improve hemiparesis caused by stroke or cerebral palsy. These forms of plasticity are associated with structural and functional changes in the brain that can be detected with magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS and other forms of brain stimulation are also being used experimentally to enhance brain plasticity and recovery of function. Plasticity is also influenced by genetic factors such as mutations in brain-derived neuronal growth factor. Understanding brain plasticity provides a basis for developing better therapies to improve outcome from acquired brain injuries. ' 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 200915:94-101.

show abstract

Section: Plasticity In Children With Cerebral Palsysupporting

confidence: 88%

Plasticity in the developing brain: Implications for rehabilitation

Johnston

2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

444

273

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, at birth, there are contralateral and ipsilateral projections of the corticospinal tract to the spinal α motor neurons. 66 Normally, the ipsilateral projections are lost through competitive inhibition during the first year or two after birth. However, extensive unihemispheric injury before this change occurs may result in the preservation of uncrossed projections from intact cortex that would otherwise have regressed (Appendix 1, available at www .cmaj .ca /lookup /suppl /doi :10 .1503 /cmaj .111045 /-/DC1).…”

Section: What Effect Does Age At Injury Have On Outcome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting outcome after childhood brain injury: Figure 1:

Forsyth¹,

Kirkham²

2012

CMAJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…67 Examples of brain reorganisation occurring after perinatal stroke include: (i) retraction of the contralateral CS pathways between the damaged cortex and the impaired UL; and (ii) the synaptic space that was initially occupied by the contralateral CS pathways being replaced by the ipsilateral CS pathways between the intact cortex and the impaired UL. 68,69 This type of reorganisation is only useful if there is some preservation of the contralateral CS pathways. 68 When the lesion occurs later in pregnancy (e.g.…”

Section: Pvl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…67 Eventually, the synaptic space that these pathways initially occupied is taken over by the more active ipsilateral pathways which connect the intact cortex to the impaired UL. 69 Both sets of CS pathways compete for synaptic space, which results in the ipsilateral CS pathway outgrowing the contralateral CS pathway. The implications of this competitive process are impaired UL motor control and subsequently, impaired UL activity.…”

Section: A Critical Window For the Early Detection Of Unilateral Cerementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Early reach to grasp development of infants with asymmetric brain injury on the Grasp and Reach Assessment of Brisbane (GRAB)

Perez¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Corticospinal tract development and its plasticity after perinatal injury

Cited by 267 publications

References 88 publications

Plasticity in the developing brain: Implications for rehabilitation

Plasticity in the developing brain: Implications for rehabilitation

Predicting outcome after childhood brain injury: Figure 1:

Early reach to grasp development of infants with asymmetric brain injury on the Grasp and Reach Assessment of Brisbane (GRAB)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About