Corticosteroids in serum of Rana catesbeiana during development and metamorphosis

Krug, Edward C.; Honn, Kenneth V.; Battista, John R.; Nicoll, Charles S.

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(83)90117-x

Cited by 106 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This pattern is similar to that of Xenopus laevis, where CORT is detectable just before hatching (stage 19), increases to its highest concentration (stage 26), and declines rapidly thereafter (Kloas et al, 1997;Glennemeier and Denver, 2002b). By contrast, in Rana pipiens or R. catesbiana CORT is low during early stages and becomes elevated as metamorphosis approaches (Krug et al, 1983;Glennemeier and Denver, 2002b). Spadefoot toads and Xenopus are more closely related to each other than either is to Rana, which may indicate that ontogenetic patterns of CORT are, to some degree, phylogenetically conserved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Stress hormones and the fitness consequences associated with the transition to a novel diet in larval amphibians

Ledón-Rettig

Pfennig

Crespi

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Closely related species often specialize on different types of prey, but little is known about the fitness consequences of making an evolutionary transition to a novel diet. Spadefoot toad larvae provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct these evolutionary events. Although most anuran larvae feed on detritus or plankton, Spea larvae have also evolved the ability to consume large anostracan fairy shrimp. To investigate the changes that may have accompanied the shift to shrimp prey, we compared shrimp-induced physiological responses of Spea larvae with those of its sister genus, Scaphiopus, that has not made this transition. Although Spea larvae performed equally well on either diet, shrimp-fed Scaphiopus larvae experienced reduced growth and developmental rates,as well as elevated levels of the stress hormone corticosterone when compared with those that ate the ancestral detritus diet. These results suggest that ancestral Spea likely experienced reduced fitness when they first adopted a carnivorous feeding strategy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Stress hormones and the fitness consequences associated with the transition to a novel diet in larval amphibians

Ledón-Rettig

Pfennig

Crespi

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The mean values of cortisol obtained during the experiment ranged from 1.0 to 4.2ng/mL. Mean cortisol values ranging from 0.8 to 1.08ng/mL were founded in a study with tadpoles from the same species (Wright et al 2003); these values are smaller than values ranging from 12 to 22.3 ng/mL when studying prometamorphosis and climax animals, respectively (Krug et al 1983). However, these authors reported qualitative uncertainties regarding the analysed material, referring to it as "cortisol like".…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…''Chronic'' stressors such as high larval density in amphibians can lead to chronically elevated baseline levels of glucocorticoid hormones in the larvae (Glennemeier & Denver 2002b) Biomarkers such as corticosterone, cortisol and glucose, together, with additional blood constituents, are used to evaluate stress. Although corticosterone appears more expressive in amphibians (Hayes et al 1993, Kikuyama et al 1993, Glennemeier & Denver 2002a, Belden et al 2003, the cortisol was also found in bullfrog tadpole and adult plasma in some studies (Krug et al 1983, Denver et al 2002, Wright et al 2003 and the option to use cortisol as a biomarker is due to its easy and economic analysis when compared to others markers, such as corticosterone. Vertebrates generally respond to stressful stimuli in their environment with increases in adrenal glucocorticosteroids, cortisol or corticosterone, depending on the species (Romero 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

Teixeira

Dias

Rocha³

et al. 2012

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(Supl. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone).

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“…Corticosteroids, like thyroid hormone, regulate gene transcription by binding to nuclear receptors. Plasma corticosteroid concentrations rise markedly during metamorphic climax in several anuran species (Jaffe 1981, Krug et al 1983, Jolivet-Jaudet & Leloup-Hatey 1984, Kikuyama et al 1986) and in the urodele Ambystoma tigrinum (Carr & Norris 1988). This rise in plasma corticosteroids is largely synchronous with the rise in thyroid hormone production (Kikuyama et al 1993, Denver 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental expression and hormonal regulation of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone receptors during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis

Krain¹,

Denver²

2004

Journal of Endocrinology

102

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Corticosteroids, the primary circulating vertebrate stress hormones, are known to potentiate the actions of thyroid hormone in amphibian metamorphosis. Environmental modulation of the production of stress hormones may be one way that tadpoles respond to variation in their larval habitat, and thus control the timing of metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone and corticosteroids act through structurally similar nuclear receptors, and interactions at the transcriptional level could lead to regulation of common pathways controlling metamorphosis. To better understand the roles of corticosteroids in amphibian metamorphosis we analyzed the developmental and hormonedependent expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA in the brain (diencephalon), intestine and tail of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We compared the expression patterns of GR with expression of thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR ). In an effort to determine the relationship between nuclear hormone receptor expression and levels of ligand, we also analyzed changes in wholebody content of 3,5,3 -triiodothyronine (T 3 ), thyroxine, and corticosterone (CORT). GR transcripts of 8, 4 and 2 kb were detected in all tadpole tissues, but only the 4 and 2 kb transcripts could be detected in embryos. The level of GR mRNA was low during premetamorphosis in the brain but increased significantly during prometamorphosis, remained at a constant level throughout metamorphosis, and increased to its highest level in the juvenile frog. GR mRNA level in the intestine remained relatively constant, but increased in the tail throughout metamorphosis, reaching a maximum at metamorphic climax. The level of GR mRNA was increased by treatment with CORT in the intestine but not in the brain or tail. TR mRNA level increased in the brain, intestine and tail during metamorphosis and was induced by treatment with T 3 . Analysis of possible crossregulatory relationships between GRs and TRs showed that GR mRNA was upregulated by exogenous T 3 (50 nM) in the tail but downregulated in the brain of premetamorphic tadpoles. Exogenous CORT (100 nM) upregulated TR mRNA in the intestine. Our findings provide evidence for tissuespecific positive, negative and crossregulation of nuclear hormone receptors during metamorphosis of X. laevis. The synergy of CORT with T 3 on tadpole tail resorption may depend on the accelerated accumulation of GR transcripts in this tissue during metamorphosis, which may be driven by rising plasma thyroid hormone titers.

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Corticosteroids in serum of Rana catesbeiana during development and metamorphosis

Cited by 106 publications

References 26 publications

Stress hormones and the fitness consequences associated with the transition to a novel diet in larval amphibians

Stress hormones and the fitness consequences associated with the transition to a novel diet in larval amphibians

Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

Developmental expression and hormonal regulation of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone receptors during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis

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