Corticotropin releasing factor—Distribution in rat intestine and role in neuroprotection

Sand, Elin; Themner-Persson, Anna; Ekblad, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2010.08.011

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In general, the distribution pattern of CRF-positive nerve fi bres of the ovine jejunum resembles those observed in the small intestine of other mammals. Similarly to sheep, in the rodent small intestine a rich network of CRF-expressing nerve fi bres was detected in both the myenteric and submucous plexuses (Wolter, 1984;la Fleur et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Sand et al, 2011). Sand et al (2011) also reported that the circular smooth muscle layer and mucous layer of the rat and guinea-pig small intestine contain moderate numbers of CRF-expressing nerve fi bres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Similarly to sheep, in the rodent small intestine a rich network of CRF-expressing nerve fi bres was detected in both the myenteric and submucous plexuses (Wolter, 1984;la Fleur et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Sand et al, 2011). Sand et al (2011) also reported that the circular smooth muscle layer and mucous layer of the rat and guinea-pig small intestine contain moderate numbers of CRF-expressing nerve fi bres. However, in the above mentioned species sparse CRF-IR nerve fi bres were also detected in the longitudinal smooth muscle layer (Sand et al, 2011), as well as around submucosal arterioles (Liu et al, 2006;Sand et al, 2011), which is contradictory to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…5%), which is in agreement with the results of previous studies. In the rat ileum only a small number of CRF-IR (up to 5%) myenteric neurons were found (Sand et al, 2011), and in the guineapig small intestine only 2.0 CRF-positive neurons per myenteric ganglion (approx. 2%) were counted (Liu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…10%) expressed CRF; these data diff er from those obtained in rodents. In the ileum of the rat up to 50% of submucous neurons expressed CRF (Sand et al, 2011). Also in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the guinea-pig as many as 29.9%, 32.9% and 33.3% (respectively) of submucous neurons expressed CRF (Liu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In view of the previous fi ndings, it is apparent that the enteric nervous system (ENS) is of particular signifi cance in CRF signalling pathways aff ecting the gut. Th is is due to the fact that both CRF and CRF-receptors are present in enteric neurons (Chatzaki et al, 2004;Porcher et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Sand et al, 2011) and peripheral infusion of CRF activates certain populations of CRF receptorbearing enteric neurons (Yuan et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the enteric nervous system of the jejunum of sheep

Czujkowska¹,

Arciszewski²

2011

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a 41-amino acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the mammalian central nervous system, has been shown to infl uence several gastrointestinal functions. Recent studies show that CRF released locally from enteric nerves may also underlie alterations in gut function. In this study, immunohistochemisty was applied to demonstrate the presence of CRF in the jejunum of sheep. Using double immunohistochemical staining the co-localization of CRF with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) was evaluated. Th e presence of CRF was detected in myenteric neurons (3.6 ± 0.9%) as well as in submucous neurons (10.5 ± 1.2%). In the ovine jejunum diff erent numbers of CRF-expressing nerve fi bres were detected in myenteric ganglia, submucous ganglia, circular smooth muscle layer, lamina muscularis mucosae and between mucosal glands. None of the CRF-positive enteric neurons and CRF-positive nerve fi bres exhibited the presence of TH. CRF-immunoreactive (IR) myenteric neurons widely co-expressed VIP and/or NPY. A minor population of CRF-IR myenteric neurons additionally co-stored SP. Galanin was not present in CRF-IR myenteric neurons. Th e presence of VIP was observed in the vast majority of CRF-positive submucous neurons. Moderate numbers of CRF-IR sumbucous neurons co-expressing galanin or NPY were also found. Th e presence of SP in CRF-positive submucous neurons was noted only incidentally. In the circular smooth muscle layer CRF-IR/VIP-IR, CRF-IR/NPY-IR as well as CRF-IR/SP-IR nerve fi bres were present. In the mucosal layer of the ovine jejunum CRF-IR nerve fi bres co-stored additionally VIP, galanin, NPY or SP. Th is present study provides for the fi rst time evidence that CRF present in diff erent subclasses of enteric neurons may infl uence certain activities of the ovine jejunum. Co-localization studies indicate that VIP, galanin, SP and NPY functionally co-operate with CRF in the jejunum of the sheep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the enteric nervous system of the jejunum of sheep

Czujkowska¹,

Arciszewski²

2011

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog buserelin causes neuronal loss in rat gastrointestinal tract

et al. 2012

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are given to women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Case reports describing the development of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and auto-antibodies against GnRH after such treatment suggest a strong association between intestinal dysfunction and GnRH analogs. No experimental model for studying such a relationship is currently at hand. Our main goal was to investigate possible enteric neurodegeneration and titers of GnRH antibodies in response to repeated administration of the GnRH analog buserelin in rat. Rats were treated for 1-4 sessions with daily subcutaneous injections of buserelin or saline for 5 days, followed by 3 weeks of recovery. Buserelin treatment caused significant loss of submucous and myenteric neurons in the fundus, ileum, and colon. The loss of enteric neurons can, at least partly, be explained by increased apoptosis. No GnRH- or GnRH-receptor-immunoreactive (IR) enteric neurons but numerous luteinizing hormone (LH)-receptor-IR neurons were detected. After buserelin treatment, the relative number of enteric LH-receptor-IR neurons decreased, whereas that of nitric-oxide-synthase-IR neurons increased. No intestinal inflammation or increased levels of circulating interleukins/cytokines were noted in response to buserelin treatment. Serum GnRH antibody titers were undetectable or extremely low in all rats. Thus, repeated administrations of buserelin induce neurodegeneration in rat gastrointestinal tract, possibly by way of LH-receptor hyperactivation. The present findings suggest that enteric neurodegenerative effects of GnRH analog treatment in man can be mimicked in rat. However, in contrast to man, no production of GnRH auto-antibodies has been noted in rat.

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Expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortins in the normal and Schistosoma mansoni-infected mouse ileum

et al. 2014

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins (UCNs) are important ligands in the CRF signaling pathways, which are most known for their role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis. However, peripheral CRF signaling also has profound effects on gastrointestinal functions. Although the murine animal model is highly relevant for the exploration of this complexly balanced pathway via genetic manipulation, little is known about the expression of CRF and UCNs in the mouse intestine. This study aims to investigate the cellular localization of CRF and UCNs in the ileum and to explore whether and how this cellular expression is altered in conditions of intestinal Schistosoma mansoni-induced inflammation. The results show a distinct expression pattern for the different CRF receptor ligands in the ileum. CRF was located in nerve fibers and stromal cells. All UCNs were expressed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Furthermore, UCN2 and UCN3 were found in the musculature. During acute schistosomiasis, UCN1 showed an increased immunoreactivity in blood vessels and UCN3 was de novo expressed mainly in submucous neurons. Typical features of S. mansoni-inflamed ileum, such as nerve fiber sprouting, muscle layer thickening and granuloma formation thus all have an impact on the CRF signaling pathways. In conclusion, we outline for the first time the expression of CRF signaling ligands in the mouse ileum; our results point to important changes of this signaling system in S. mansoni-induced intestinal inflammation, which warrants further functional investigation with specific focus on CRF2, given the exclusive binding of UCN2 and UCN3 to this receptor.

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Corticotropin releasing factor—Distribution in rat intestine and role in neuroprotection

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the enteric nervous system of the jejunum of sheep

Expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the enteric nervous system of the jejunum of sheep

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog buserelin causes neuronal loss in rat gastrointestinal tract

Expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortins in the normal and Schistosoma mansoni-infected mouse ileum

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