Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-containing neurons in the immature rat hippocampal formation: Light and electron microscopic features and colocalization with glutamate decarboxylase and parvalbumin

Xiao, Youping; Tóth, Zsolt; Schultz, Linda; Ribak, Charles E.; Baram, Tallie Z.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1998)8:3<231::aid-hipo6>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 90 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…The location and morphology of these CRH-expressing neurons are consistent with their identification as interneurons. 59 After hyperthermia (Fig. 2C), signal intensity over CRH-expressing neurons was increased, compared with laboratory controls (Fig.…”

Section: Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Messenger Rna In the Hippocamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…59 A subpopulation of these neurons, co-expressing parvalbumin, has been identified as basket and chandelier cells. 59 Axon terminals of these CRH-immunoreactive interneurons, synapsing on cell bodies of hippocampal principal neurons, are thus strategically positioned to influence neurotransmission in the hippocampal circuit via release of both CRH and GABA. 59 In addition, it has been demonstrated in both the mature and developing hippocampus that application of CRH may lead to excessive excitation of the hippocampal circuit, resulting in repetitive discharges of hippocampal neurons in vitro 1,25,50 and in seizures in vivo.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,59 Localization of antibody binding was visualized using diaminobenzidine, as directed in the Vectastain Elite system (Vector, Burlingame, CA).…”

Section: Immunocytochemistry For Fos Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scattered CRH-immunoreactive neurons had been described in the hippocampal formation, 41,48,53 and recent double-labeling and ultrastructural studies have demonstrated a robust population of CRH-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal formation of non-stressed developing rats. 59 A subpopulation of these neurons, co-expressing parvalbumin, has been identified as basket and chandelier cells. 59 Axon terminals of these CRH-immunoreactive interneurons, synapsing on cell bodies of hippocampal principal neurons, are thus strategically positioned to influence neurotransmission in the hippocampal circuit via release of both CRH and GABA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59 Axon terminals of these CRH-immunoreactive interneurons, synapsing on cell bodies of hippocampal principal neurons, are thus strategically positioned to influence neurotransmission in the hippocampal circuit via release of both CRH and GABA. 59 In addition, it has been demonstrated in both the mature and developing hippocampus that application of CRH may lead to excessive excitation of the hippocampal circuit, resulting in repetitive discharges of hippocampal neurons in vitro 1,25,50 and in seizures in vivo. 7,39 It has been suggested that excessive elevation of hippocampal CRH levels may contribute to abnormal neuronal excitation (seizures).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal activity and stress differentially regulate hippocampal and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the immature rat

et al. 2000

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone, a major neuromodulator of the neuroendocrine stress response, is expressed in the immature hippocampus, where it enhances glutamate receptor-mediated excitation of principal cells. Since the peptide influences hippocampal synaptic efficacy, its secretion from peptidergic interneuronal terminals may augment hippocampal-mediated functions such as learning and memory. However, whereas information regarding the regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone's abundance in CNS regions involved with the neuroendocrine responses to stress has been forthcoming, the mechanisms regulating the peptide's levels in the hippocampus have not yet been determined. Here we tested the hypothesis that, in the immature rat hippocampus, neuronal stimulation, rather than neuroendocrine challenge, influences the peptide's expression. Messenger RNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus, as well as in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, were determined after cold, a physiological challenge that activates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system in immature rats, and after activation of hippocampal neurons by hyperthermia. These studies demonstrated that, while cold challenge enhanced corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA levels in the hypothalamus, hippocampal expression of this neuropeptide was unchanged. Secondly, hyperthermia stimulated expression of hippocampal immediate-early genes, as well as of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Finally, the mechanism of hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone induction required neuronal stimulation and was abolished by barbiturate administration.Taken together, these results indicate that neuronal stimulation may regulate hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the immature rat, whereas the peptide's expression in the hypothalamus is influenced by neuroendocrine challenges. Keywordshippocampus; corticotropin-releasing factor; c-fos; rat; hypothalamus; stress Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a peptide with both neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter properties. 57 The neuroendocrine effects of CRH, the key mediator of the stress response, originate from clusters of peptidergic cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). 24,34 CRH also functions as a neuromodulator in a number of NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 July 5. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript limbic and autonomic brain circuits. 21,22,24,43 CRH-producing neurons are widely but specifically distributed in the brain, 49 including a substantial CRH-expressing neuronal population located in the central nucleus of the amygdala (ACe), 22,53 a region considered as a major source for extra-endocrine CRH-mediated neurotransmission. 24 Abundant target neurons for CRH, expressing cognate receptors, have been demonstrated in the hippocampus. 2,13,15 In addition, physiological effects of CRH on hippocampal neuron...

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Section: Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Messenger Rna In the Hippocamentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,59 Localization of antibody binding was visualized using diaminobenzidine, as directed in the Vectastain Elite system (Vector, Burlingame, CA).…”

Section: Immunocytochemistry For Fos Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal activity and stress differentially regulate hippocampal and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the immature rat

et al. 2000

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Immunocytochemical distribution of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type-1 (CRF1)-like immunoreactivity in the mouse brain: Light microscopy analysis using an antibody directed against the C-terminus

et al. 2000

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor type 1 (CRF 1 ) is a member of the receptor family mediating the effects of CRH, a critical neuromediator of stress-related endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses. The detailed organization and fine localization of CRF 1 -like immunoreactivity (CRF 1 -LI) containing neurons in the rodent have not been described, and is important to better define the functions of this receptor. Here we characterize in detail the neuroanatomical distribution of CRF 1 -immunoreactive (CRF 1 -ir) neurons in the mouse brain, using an antiserum directed against the C-terminus of the receptor. We show that CRF 1 -LI is abundantly yet selectively expressed, and its localization generally overlaps the target regions of CRH-expressing projections and the established distribution of CRF 1 mRNA, with several intriguing exceptions. The most intensely CRF 1 -LI-labeled neurons are found in discrete neuronal systems, i.e., hypothalamic nuclei (paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate), major cholinergic and monoaminergic cell groups, and specific sensory relay and association thalamic nuclei. Pyramidal neurons in neocortex and magnocellular cells in basal amygdaloid nucleus are also intensely CRF 1 -ir. Finally, intense CRF 1 -LI is evident in brainstem auditory associated nuclei and several cranial nerves nuclei, as well as in cerebellar Purkinje cells. In addition to their regional specificity, CRF 1 -LI-labeled neurons are characterized by discrete patterns of the intracellular distribution of the immunoreaction product. While generally membrane associated, CRF 1 -LI may be classified as granular, punctate, or homogenous deposits, consistent with differential membrane localization. The selective distribution and morphological diversity of CRF 1 -ir neurons suggest that CRF 1 may mediate distinct functions in different regions of the mouse brain. Indexing termsCRH; CRF; CRF-R1; rodent; immunocytochemistry; central nervous system Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a 41-amino acid neuropeptide, is the primary hypothalamic factor involved in controlling the synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropic

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Genetic cell targeting uncovers specific neuronal types and distinct subregions in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

Nguyen

Cruz

Sun

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) plays an important role in fear, stress, and anxiety. It contains a collection of sub-nuclei delineated by gross cytoarchitecture features; however, there has yet to be a systematic examination of specific BNST neuronal types and their associated neurochemical makeup. The present study focuses on improved characterization of the anterior BNST based on differing molecular and chemical expression aided by mouse genetics. Specific Cre driver lines crossed with a fluorescent reporter line were used for genetic cell targeting and immunochemical staining. Using this new approach, we were able to robustly identify specific excitatory and inhibitory cell types in the BNST. The presence and distribution of excitatory neurons were firmly established; glutamatergic neurons in the anterior BNST accounted for about 14% and 31% of dorsal and ventral BNST cells, respectively. GABAergic neurons expressing different isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase were found to have differential sub-regional distributions. Almost no parvalbumin-expressing cells were found in the BNST, while somatostatin-expressing cells and calretinin-expressing cells account for modest proportions of BNST cells. In addition, vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing axonal plexuses were prominent in the oval and juxtacapsular (jc) subregions. In addition, we discovered that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expressing cells contain GABAergic and glutamatergic subpopulations. Together, this study reveals new information on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the BNST, which will facilitate genetic dissection and functional studies of BNST subregions.

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-containing neurons in the immature rat hippocampal formation: Light and electron microscopic features and colocalization with glutamate decarboxylase and parvalbumin

Cited by 90 publications

References 52 publications

Neuronal activity and stress differentially regulate hippocampal and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the immature rat

Neuronal activity and stress differentially regulate hippocampal and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the immature rat

Immunocytochemical distribution of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type-1 (CRF1)-like immunoreactivity in the mouse brain: Light microscopy analysis using an antibody directed against the C-terminus

Genetic cell targeting uncovers specific neuronal types and distinct subregions in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

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