Cortisol Assays: Guidelines for the Provision of a Clinical Biochemistry Service

Moore, Aaron William; Aitken, R. G.; Burke, C. W.; Gaskell, S J; Groom, G. V.; Holder, G.; Selby, C.; Wood, Peter

doi:10.1177/000456328502200501

Cited by 88 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fasting cortisol (09.00 hours) was measured using an in-house RIA in blood treated with lithium heparin [22]. An ACTH analogue, tetracosactrin (Synacthen; Alliance, Chippenham, Wilts, UK), was administered to determine the sensitivity of the HPA axis.…”

Section: Measurement Of Insulin Sensitivity In Individual Tissues (Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol clearance and associations with insulin sensitivity, body fat and fatty liver in middle-aged men

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis The regulation of cortisol metabolism in vivo is not well understood. We evaluated the relationship between cortisol metabolism and insulin sensitivity, adjusting for total and regional fat content and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and methods Twenty-nine middle-aged healthy men with a wide range of BMI were recruited. We measured fat content by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), liver fat by ultrasound and MRI, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by adrenal response to ACTH 1-24 , unconjugated urinary cortisol excretion, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and cortisol clearance by MS. We assessed insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and by OGTT. Results Cortisol clearance was strongly inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity (M value) (r=−0.61, p=0.002). Cortisol clearance was increased in people with fatty liver compared with those without (mean±SD: 243±10 vs 158± 36 ml/min; p = 0.014). Multiple regression modelling showed that the relationship between cortisol clearance and insulin sensitivity was independent of body fat. The relationship between fatty liver and insulin sensitivity was significantly influenced by body fat and cortisol clearance. Conclusions/interpretation Cortisol clearance is strongly associated with insulin sensitivity, independently of the amount of body fat. The relationship between fatty liver and insulin sensitivity is mediated in part by both fatness and cortisol clearance.

show abstract

Section: Measurement Of Insulin Sensitivity In Individual Tissues (Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol clearance and associations with insulin sensitivity, body fat and fatty liver in middle-aged men

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Total cortisol and cortisone concentrations (that is, the sum of the free steroid and protein-bound steroid concentrations) were measured in maternal and fetal plasma Ovine placental 11bHSD activities 719 samples by specific radioimmunoassays (Moore et al 1985, Wood et al 1996. The cortisol RIA had a range of 30-2000 nmol/l with intra-and interassay coefficients of variation of , 7% and , 8% respectively.…”

Section: Steroid Radioimmunoassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) activities and fetal cortisol:cortisone ratios induced by nutritional restriction prior to conception and at defined stages of gestation in ewes

McMullen¹,

Osgerby²,

Thurston³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the placenta, cortisol is inactivated by NADP 1 -and NAD 1 -dependent isoforms of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11bHSD). Decreased placental 11bHSD activities have been implicated in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal programming of adult diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether placental 11bHSD activities and fetal plasma cortisol:cortisone ratios could be affected by nutritional restriction of ewes (70% maintenance diet) throughout gestation, for specific stages of gestation, or prior to mating. Chronic nutritional restriction from day 26 of gestation onwards decreased NAD 1 -dependent 11bHSD activities by 52 6 4% and 45 6 6% on days 90 and 135 of gestation respectively.Although the decreases in enzyme activities were associated with fetal IUGR, the cortisol:cortisone ratio in fetal plasma was unaffected by chronic nutritional restriction throughout pregnancy. Nutritional restriction confined to early (days 26-45), mid-(days 46 -90) and late gestation (days 91-135), or the 30 days prior to mating, had no significant effect on NAD 1 -dependent, placental 11bHSD activities, nor was there evidence of IUGR. However, nutritional restriction at each stage of pregnancy and prior to mating was associated with significant decreases in the fetal plasma cortisol:cortisone ratio (3.2 6 0.7 in control fetuses; 1.0 to 1.6 in fetuses carried by nutritionally restricted ewes). We conclude that nutritional restriction of pregnant ewes for more than 45 consecutive days can significantly decrease NAD 1 -dependent placental 11bHSD activities in association with IUGR. While the cortisol:cortisone ratio in fetal plasma is sensitive to relatively acute restriction of nutrient intake, even prior to mating, this ratio does not reflect direct ex vivo measurements of placental 11bHSD activities.

show abstract

“…125 I] tracer as previously described (13). Inter-assay imprecision (CV%) for low, medium and high quality control samples ranged from 7.4 to 10.3%.…”

Section: Biochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birthsize, gestational age and adrenal function in adult life: studies of dexamethasone suppression and ACTH1-24 stimulation

Kajantie

Eriksson

Barker

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Several studies show that low birthweight is associated with long-term alterations in the function of the hypothalamic -pituitary -adrenal axis (HPAA). We recently reported that the relationship between birthweight and fasting serum cortisol concentrations differed according to the gestational age of the babies, suggesting that both hypercortisolism and hypocortisolism could be a consequence of impaired fetal growth. We have now extended these findings by examining the relationship between birthweight, gestational age and tests of adrenal suppression and stimulation. Design: Prospective birth cohort study. Subjects and methods: We studied 165 women (mean age 71.3 years) born at term in Helsinki, Finland, between 1924 and 1933, whose body size and gestational age at birth were recorded. These women underwent an overnight 0.25 mg dexamethasone suppression test followed by a 1 mg ACTH 1 -24 stimulation test. Results: In all women combined, low birthweight was associated with lower total (P ¼ 0.03) and free (P ¼ 0.02) cortisol concentrations following dexamethasone. However, these relationships were dependent on gestational age at birth, interactions between the effects of birth size and gestational age on dexamethasone responsiveness being statistically significant. To demonstrate these interactions, we divided the study population into two groups according to gestational age. In subjects born at 40 weeks of gestation or more, low birthweight was strongly associated with enhanced dexamethasone suppression (P ¼ 0.003 for total and P ¼ 0.0004 for free cortisol), while in subjects born before 40 weeks of gestation there was no association. There was, however, no correlation between birth size and the adrenal response to ACTH 1 -24 . Conclusions: These findings reinforce our suggestions that events during prenatal life may lead to both up-regulation and down-regulation of the HPAA.

show abstract

Cortisol Assays: Guidelines for the Provision of a Clinical Biochemistry Service

Cited by 88 publications

References 45 publications

Cortisol clearance and associations with insulin sensitivity, body fat and fatty liver in middle-aged men

Cortisol clearance and associations with insulin sensitivity, body fat and fatty liver in middle-aged men

Alterations in placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) activities and fetal cortisol:cortisone ratios induced by nutritional restriction prior to conception and at defined stages of gestation in ewes

Birthsize, gestational age and adrenal function in adult life: studies of dexamethasone suppression and ACTH1-24 stimulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About