Cortisol awakening response among women exposed to intimate partner violence

Pinto, Ricardo J.; Correia-Santos, Patrícia; Costa-Leite, Joana; Levendosky, Alytia A.; Jongenelen, Inês

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.024

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Women with greater violence exposure exhibit flatter patterns of diurnal cortisol characterized by both higher midday levels and more attenuated decreases across the day than women with less violence exposure [24]. Chronic and severe exposure to physical violence is associated with lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) [27].…”

Section: Exposure To Violence Stress and Stress-immune Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes from Violence-Induced Stress and Trauma Enhance HIV Susceptibility Among Women

et al. 2019

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Purpose of review: This theoretical review identifies physiological mechanisms by which violence against women (VAW) may increase women's susceptibility to HIV through trauma, stress, and immune dysfunction. Recent findings: Research documents systemic and local immune responses are related to stress and trauma from abuse across the life course (i.e., childhood, IPV, adulthood revictimization). Findings are interpreted within a theoretical framework grounded in the Social Stress Theory and the concept of toxic stress, and highlight the current state of the science connecting: (1) VAW to the physiological stress response and immune dysfunction, and (2) the physiological stress response and inflammation to HIV susceptibility and infection in the female reproductive tract. Summary: Despite a dearth of research in human subjects, evidence suggests that VAW plays a significant role in creating a physiological environment conducive to HIV infection. We conclude with a discussion of promising future steps for this line of research.

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Section: Exposure To Violence Stress and Stress-immune Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes from Violence-Induced Stress and Trauma Enhance HIV Susceptibility Among Women

et al. 2019

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“…Finally, adversities suffered in adulthood also decrease HPA-axis function on the long run (Carsia and McIlroy, 1998 ; Dayan et al, 2016 ; Pinto et al, 2016 ; Ewing-Cobbs et al, 2017 ). Such stressors include malnutrition, intimate partner violence, traumatic brain injury, and traumatic stress.…”

Section: Glucocorticoid Deficits and Aggression In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Lateral Hypothalamus in Violent Intraspecific Aggression—The Glucocorticoid Deficit Hypothesis

Haller

2018

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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This review argues for a central role of the lateral hypothalamus in those deviant forms of aggression, which result from chronic glucocorticoid deficiency. Currently, this nucleus is considered a key region of the mechanisms that control predatory aggression. However, recent findings demonstrate that it is strongly activated by aggression in subjects with a chronically downregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis; moreover, this activation is causally involved in the emergence of violent aggression. The review has two parts. In the first part, we review human findings demonstrating that under certain conditions, strong stressors downregulate the HPA-axis on the long run, and that the resulting glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with violent aggression including aggressive delinquency and aggression-related psychopathologies. The second part addresses neural mechanisms in animals. We show that the experimental downregulation of HPA-axis function elicits violent aggression in rodents, and the activation of the brain circuitry that originally subserves predatory aggression accompanies this change. The lateral hypothalamus is not only an integral part of this circuitry, but can elicit deviant and violent forms of aggression. Finally, we formulate a hypothesis on the pathway that connects unfavorable social conditions to violent aggression via the neural circuitry that includes the lateral hypothalamus.

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“…Greater perceived social support has also been associated with both a lower and greater CAR among non-pregnant individuals (Pinto, Correia-Santos, Costa-Leite, Levendosky, & Jongenelen, 2016;Rickard, Chin, & Vella-Brodrick, 2016). Although the association between greater social support and a lower CAR has been attributed to the stress-buffering effects of social support (Rickard, Chin, & Vella-Brodrick, 2016), few conclusive explanations exist as to why greater social support may be associated with a greater CAR.…”

Section: Protective Factors Associated With Lower Stress Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation for these conflicting findings is that studies are measuring social support differently. Whereas Rickard, Chin, and Vella‐Brodrick () found that one's perception of received social support from significant others was associated with a lower CAR, Pinto, Correia‐Santos, Costa‐Leite, Levendosky, and Jongenelen () showed that one's perception of the availability of social support, if needed from broader social networks, was associated with greater CAR. Further studies are therefore needed to determine how perceived social support is associated with the CAR in at‐risk pregnant women, in addition to perceived stress reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of mindfulness and social support on stress reactivity during pregnancy

2019

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Exaggerated stress reactivity can lead to negative health outcomes, which can be especially harmful during important periods of development such as pregnancy. Therefore, studies are needed to examine potential protective factors associated with lower perceived stress reactivity and lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) during pregnancy. The current cross‐sectional study examined whether low‐income women (n = 152) with higher mindfulness (attentiveness and awareness of the present moment) and more perceived social support had lower levels of perceived stress reactivity and a lower CAR during pregnancy. Women completed self‐report measures of mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale), social support (Medical Outcomes Study‐Social Support Scale), and perceived stress reactivity (Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale) during their first trimester of pregnancy and collected saliva using the passive drool procedure at home (at awakening and at 30 min after awakening). Results showed that women with greater mindfulness and greater perceived social support had significantly lower perceived stress reactivity, but not a lower CAR. These results provide preliminary support for mindfulness and social support as potential protective factors of perceived stress reactivity and have implications for experimental studies aimed at improving pregnant women's mindfulness and social support for reducing their stress reactivity and potentially improving health outcomes.

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Cortisol awakening response among women exposed to intimate partner violence

Cited by 31 publications

References 49 publications

Physiological Changes from Violence-Induced Stress and Trauma Enhance HIV Susceptibility Among Women

Physiological Changes from Violence-Induced Stress and Trauma Enhance HIV Susceptibility Among Women

The Role of the Lateral Hypothalamus in Violent Intraspecific Aggression—The Glucocorticoid Deficit Hypothesis

The influence of mindfulness and social support on stress reactivity during pregnancy

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