Cortisol Binding to Proteins in Plasma in the Human Neonate and Infant

HADJIAN, A. J.; CHEDIN, M.; COCHET, C.; CHAMBAZ, E. M.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197509010-00008

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thus, between days 62 and 67 of gestation, when the mother : foetus ratio for plasma cortisol decreased from 3-5 to 2-7, an increase in the transfer of cortisol from the foetus to the mother was observed. If it is only the free cortisol that crosses the placental barrier then the higher transfer of cortisol from the foetus to the mother on day 67 agrees with the higher levels of free cortisol found in the foetus than are found in the mother at the end of pregnancy (Jones, 1974), and also with the results of Hadjian, Chedin, Cochet & Chambaz (1975) in infants and of Nunez, Benassayag, Savu, Valette «fe Jayle (1976) in the guinea-pig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Foetal-Maternal Production and Transfer of Cortisol During the Last Days of Gestation in the Guinea-Pig

Dalle¹,

Delost²

1979

Journal of Endocrinology

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The metabolism and the rate of transfer of cortisol across the placenta in pregnant guinea-pigs and foetuses were studied by constant intravenous infusions of tritium-labelled cortisol. Estimates of endogenous and radioactive plasma cortisol levels were used to calculate the following parameters at four stages before parturition (days 62, 64, 66 and 67; parturition occurring at day 68): metabolic clearance rate; production rate; adrenal secretory rate; transfer rate from mother to foetus and from foetus to mother; irreversible removal rate; the fraction of cortisol derived from the other in the foetal and maternal vascular compartments; the fraction of secreted and recycled cortisol involved in the transfer. The metabolic clearance rate and the rates of production and secretion of cortisol were higher in the mother than in the foetus between days 62 and 67 of gestation. About 90% of the foetal cortisol was of maternal origin. The fraction of maternal cortisol of foetal origin increased in the last days of gestation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Foetal-Maternal Production and Transfer of Cortisol During the Last Days of Gestation in the Guinea-Pig

Dalle¹,

Delost²

1979

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…22 In a recent study significant changes in cortisol concentration were observed in neonates and infants undergoing various operations.23 These data and our results indicate that changes in cortisol concentration in neonates were greater in magnitude but shorter in duration than those in adult patients undergoing similar operations.24 The metabolic effects of cortisol release may be greater than expected as the proportion of cortisol not bound to protein increases during operation25; this effect may be accentuated by the lower plasma transcortin concentrations in neonates than in adults. 26 Plasma insulin concentrations increased in response to operative hyperglycaemia in both groups, but six hours after operation the insulin response was greater in the group that was not given halothane. This difference could have resulted either from the stimulatory effect of the hyperglycaemia, which was significantly greater in the group not receiving halothane, or from the direct inhibition of insulin secretion by halothane anaesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Does halothane anaesthesia decrease the metabolic and endocrine stress responses of newborn infants undergoing operation?

Anand¹,

Sippell²,

Schofield³

et al. 1988

BMJ

135

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Concern about the side effects of various anaesthetic agents in newborn infants has led to the widespread use of anaesthesia with unsupplemented nitrous oxide and oxygen with muscle relaxants in such patients. To investigate the efficacy of such a regimen 36 neonates undergoing operations were randomised to two groups: one group received anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and curare alone and the other was additionally given halothane. Concentrations of metabolites and hormones were measured before and at the end of operation and at six, 12, and 24 hours after operation and the values compared between the two groups. Neonates given halothane anaesthesia showed decreased hormonal responses to operation, with significant differences between the two groups in the changes in adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol concentrations and the ratio of insulin to glucagon concentration. Changes in blood concentrations of glucose and total ketone bodies and plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids were also decreased in neonates receiving halothane anaesthesia. Neonates given anaesthesia with unsupplemented nitrous oxide showed significantly greater increases in the urinary ratio of 3-methylhistidine to creatinine concentration and their clinical condition was also more unstable during and after operation. Unless specifically contraindicated potent anaesthesia with halothane or other anaesthetic agents should be given to all neonates undergoing surgical operations as it decreases their stress responses and improves their clinical stability during and after operation.

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“…Regarding the near-significant differences in HCCs at different population densities in infancy (Figure 1), it is possible that the physiological effects of dense living conditions are not realized until later in development, though further experiments assessing HCCs more frequently throughout the first year of life would be necessary to determine this relationship. Moreover, in human infants, corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) levels are low, resulting in higher levels of “free” unbound cortisol in plasma (Hadjian et al, 1975; Gunnar and Donzella, 1992); if the same is true in nonhuman primates, it could explain the high HCC levels we observed in infancy, as HCC levels are also thought to reflect the “free” fraction of cortisol in the bloodstream (Davenport et al, 2006). Despite the high levels of HCCs in infancy in both housing conditions, the fact that HCCs were higher amongst HD monkeys in all age groups suggests that a more dense living arrangement influences long-term HPA axis activity regardless of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Population density-dependent hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Dettmer

Novak

Meyer

et al. 2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Summary Population density is known to influence acute measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in a variety of species, including fish, deer, birds, and humans. However, the effects of population density on levels of chronic stress are unknown. Given the fact that exposure to chronically elevated levels of circulating glucocorticoids results in a host of health disparities in animals and humans alike, it is important to understand how population density may impact chronic stress. We assessed hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs), which are reliable indicators of chronic HPA axis activity, in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to determine the influence of population density on these values. In Experiment 1, we compared HCCs of monkeys living in high-density (HD; 1 monkey/0.87m2) and low-density (LD; 1 monkey/63.37m2) environments (N=236 hair samples) and found that HD monkeys exhibited higher hair cortisol across all age categories (infant, juvenile, young adult, adult, and aged) except infancy and aged (F(5)=4.240, p=0.001), for which differences were nearly significant. HD monkeys also received more severe fight wounds than LD monkeys (χ2=26.053, p<0.001), though no effects of dominance status emerged. In Experiment 2, we examined how HCCs change with fluctuating population levels across five years in the adult LD monkeys (N=155 hair samples) and found that increased population density was significantly positively correlated with HCCs in this semi-naturalistic population (r(s)=0.975, p=0.005). These are the first findings to demonstrate that increased population density is associated with increased chronic, endogenous glucocorticoid exposure in a nonhuman primate species. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to laboratory research, population ecology, and human epidemiology.

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Cortisol Binding to Proteins in Plasma in the Human Neonate and Infant

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Foetal-Maternal Production and Transfer of Cortisol During the Last Days of Gestation in the Guinea-Pig

Foetal-Maternal Production and Transfer of Cortisol During the Last Days of Gestation in the Guinea-Pig

Does halothane anaesthesia decrease the metabolic and endocrine stress responses of newborn infants undergoing operation?

Population density-dependent hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

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