Cortisol, depression and reduced cortico-cortical cross-talk in Cushing’s syndrome

Schutter, Dennis J.L.G.; Honk, Jack van; Haan, E.H.F. de; Huffelen, A.C. van; Koppeschar, H. P. F.

doi:10.1007/bf03347504

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The increase in cortisol was, however, positively correlated with cocaineinduced delta, theta, and alpha EEG coherence recorded from the frontal pole electrodes. Previous studies have reported that cortisol administration promotes an increase in delta and theta activity (Friess et al, 2004), though investigations on endogenous levels have demonstrated delta power and coherence to be inversely related to cortisol levels (Brandenberger, 2003;Schutter et al, 2004). Our findings extend this work by indicating that EEG and the HPA axis are activated in a coordinated fashion in response to cocaine administration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Topographic Imaging of Quantitative EEG in Response to Smoked Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Reid

Flammino

Howard

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) profiles were studied in cocaine-dependent patients in response to an acute, single-blind, self-administered dose of smoked cocaine base (50 mg) vs placebo. qEEG data were averaged using neurometric analytical methods and the spectral power of each primary bandwidth was computed and topographically imaged. Additional measures included cocaineinduced high, craving, and related subjective ratings, heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma cortisol and homovanillic acid levels. In all, 13 crack cocaine-dependent subjects were tested. Cocaine produced a rapid increase in subjective ratings of cocaine high and good drug effect, and a more persistent increase in cocaine craving and nervousness. Cocaine also produced a rapid rise in heart rate and a prolonged increase in plasma cortisol. Placebo, administered in the context of cocaine cues and dosing expectations, had no cocaine-like subjective or physiological effects. Cocaine produced a rapid increase in absolute theta, alpha, and beta power over the prefrontal cortex (FP1, FP2), lasting up to 25 min after dosing. The increase in theta power was correlated with good drug effect, and the increase in alpha power was correlated with nervousness. Cocaine also produced a similar increase in delta coherence over the prefrontal cortex, which was positively correlated with plasma cortisol, and negatively correlated with nervousness. Placebo resulted in an increase in alpha power over the prefrontal cortex. These data demonstrate the involvement of prefrontal cortex in the qEEG response to acute cocaine. Evidence indicates slow wave qEEG, delta and theta activity, involvement in the rewarding properties of cocaine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Topographic Imaging of Quantitative EEG in Response to Smoked Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Reid

Flammino

Howard

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…The specific aspects of memory that are impaired suggest dysfunction of the neocortex and hippocampus, 14 areas of the brain densely populated with glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) 15 . Alterations of electroencephalographic coherence in association with increasing hypercortisolism in Cushing's syndrome have also been reported 16 . The psychiatric presentation of Cushing's syndrome partially resembles that of major depression.…”

Section: Correlational Evidence For Glucocorticoid Involvement In Psymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Alterations of electroencephalographic coherence in association with increasing hypercortisolism in Cushing's syndrome have also been reported. 16 The psychiatric presentation of Cushing's syndrome partially resembles that of major depression. In one study, 83% of patients with Cushing's syndrome met strict diagnostic criteria for an affective disorder, as defined by the Research Diagnostic Criteria; 67% met criteria for "endogenous depression" and 27% for mania or hypomania.…”

Section: Symptom Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids

Wolkowitz

Burke²,

Epel³

et al. 2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

157

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Elevated circulating levels of glucocorticoids are associated with psychiatric symptoms across several different conditions. It remains unknown if this hormonal abnormality is a cause or an effect of the psychiatric conditions. For example, the hypercortisolemia observed in a subset of patients with depression may have a direct impact on the symptoms of depression, but it is also possible that the hypercortisolemia merely reflects the stress associated with depression. Further, rather than causing depression, hypercortisolemia could represent a homeostatic attempt to overcome glucocorticoid resistance. Each of these possibilities will be considered, and correlational and causal evidence will be reviewed. This article will focus on the relationships between glucocorticoids and psychiatric symptoms in Cushing's syndrome, major depression, and steroid psychosis/steroid dementia, as well as the effects of exogenously administered glucocorticoids in normal volunteers. Similarities and differences in the relationship of glucocorticoid hormones to psychiatric symptoms in these conditions will be reviewed. Possible mediators of glucocorticoid effects on the brain and behavior, as well as possible "pro-aging" effects of glucocorticoids in certain cells of the body, will be reviewed. The article concludes with a conceptual model of glucocorticoid actions in the brain that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.

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“…FRIESS et al (36) reported that cortisol administration could promote an increase in delta and theta activity. However, some researchers believe that delta power is inversely related to cortisol levels (37). CARDINALE et al (35) claimed that, although an increase in cortisol levels caused by whole-body vibration was found in individuals, the vibration could be tolerated without apparent signs of stress and/or fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%