Cortisol-induced increase in susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, to Vibrio salmonicida, together with effects on the blood cell pattern

Wiik, Ragnhild; Andersen, Knut-Jan; Uglenes, Ingrid; Egidius, Emmy

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90033-1

Cited by 69 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…This study suggests that it might also be used to investigate the optimal temperature requirements for a species. Stress-related increases in corticosteroids have been extensively studied in fish (Ainsworth et al, 1985;White & Fletcher, 1986;Laidley & Leatherland, 1988), and elevated levels have been shown to result in a decreased immune capability (Pickering, 1984;Ellsaesser & Clem, 1986) and an increase in disease susceptibility (Wechsler et al, 1986;Wiik et al, 1989;Houghton & Matthews, 1990). In this study, serum cortisol values were further examined by using factorial ANOVA and trend analysis, but no consistent pattern of elevation was evident.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Immunological assessment of hybrid striped bass at three culture temperatures

Carlson

Baker

Fuller

1995

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Immunological assessment of hybrid striped bass at three culture temperatures

Carlson

Baker

Fuller

1995

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…The stress-induced elevation of plasma cortisol has a direct cytolytic effect on lymphocytes (Wiik et al, 1989;Engelsma et al, 2003). Lymphocytopoenia in stressed fish may also be due to the extravasation of the cells and their penetration into the epithelium of gills, skin or intestine.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of transport on biochemical and haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Dobšíková¹,

Svobodová²,

Blahová³

et al. 2009

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The effect of 12 h transport on the biochemical and haematological profiles of three-years-old common carp was investigated. There was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in ammonia, chloride, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in total proteins. The levels of glucose (P < 0.01), lactate (P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01) and calcium (P < 0.01) were also significantly changed, but no time-dependent relationships were found. Significant increases in haematocrit (P < 0.01) and metamyelocyte count (P < 0.05) were found. Mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.05) and counts of monocytes (P < 0.01), band neutrophils (P < 0.01) and segmented neutrophils (P < 0.05) were significantly changed independently of the transport duration. Since pre-transport manipulation and transport per se were found to be important stressors for three-years-old common carp, peri-transport disturbances should be minimized to ensure optimal fish welfare.Keywords: erythrocyte profile; common carp; Cyprinus carpio; leukocyte profile; plasma biochemical indices; stress response 511Czech J. Anim. Sci., 54, 2009 (11): 510-518 Original Paper of adrenalin and cortisol, followed by secondary changes in blood and tissues, such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlactaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, changes in blood plasma enzyme activities and ion concentrations, reduced glycogen content of muscle and liver, increased metabolic rate, and shifts in haematological profiles and immunological capacity (Stave and Robertson, 1985; Staurnes et al.1994).The acute primary physiological response of fish to netting, handling and transport returns to normal levels within 6-24 h. However, physiological recovery may take 10-14 days if the stressors persist and are not lethal (Schreck et al., 1997). Stress and physical activity during transport usually lead to the loss of product quality, such as reducing fish freshness, softening muscle texture, and lowering filet yield. Exposure to stress can have an impact on the economics of fish aquaculture (Nakayama et al., 1994).The aim of this study was to assess a transport stress response, i.e. the effect of pre-transport manipulation procedures and long-distance transport per se, to some biochemical and haematological indices of three-years-old common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L). Transport water quality was also monitored. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe experiment was carried out on common carp transported from storage ponds of the commercial fish farm in Hluboká nad Vltavou (Czech Republic) via Brno (Czech Republic) to a fish pond in Boheľov (Slovakia). Fish were transported in 2.2 m 3 transport tanks (AGK Kronawitter GmbH, Germany), at a density of 364 kg body weight per m 3 .Duration of transport was 12.5 h, comprising 7 h from Hluboká nad Vltavou to Brno and 5.5 h from Brno to Boheľov. Tanks were continuously oxygenated during transport. In Boheľov, the carp were released from the tanks through a hose into a fish pond. Throughout the experim...

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“…An important secondary effect of stress reported in fish (as a consequence of stress-related release of catecholamines) is immunosuppression (lymphocytopenia) and neutrophilia (Wiik et al 1989;Svoboda 2001;Engelsma et al 2003). Transport-and handlingstress leads to the elevation of plasma cortisol that is reported to have a direct cytolytic effect on lymphocytes (Wiik et al 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Transport-and handlingstress leads to the elevation of plasma cortisol that is reported to have a direct cytolytic effect on lymphocytes (Wiik et al 1989). These findings are in agreement with the data published by Wendelaar (1997), who reported that stress caused a rapid increase in neutrophils and a reduction of lymphocytes in peripheral blood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Response to Long Distance Transportation of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

et al. 2006

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The stress responses and changes in biochemical and haematological indices were investigated in three-year-old common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) during a long-distance transportation in special truck tanks. Twelve-hour transportation caused a significant increase in ammonia (p < 0.01), mean corpuscular volume MCV (p < 0.01), metamyelocytes ( p < 0.05) and band neutrophils (p < 0.01), and a significant decrease in Cl -(p < 0.05), lactate (p < 0.05), ALT (p < 0.05) and ALP (p < 0.01) levels. The values of LDH (p < 0.01), AST (p < 0.05), CK (p < 0.01) and haematocrit PCV (p < 0.05) were also significantly influenced by the transportation, but no time-dependent relation was found. On the contrary, the levels of cortisol, glucose and total protein in the biochemical profile, and the values of erythrocyte count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocyte counts (WBC) and leukogram (except for metamyelocytes and band neutrophils) in the haematological profile were not significantly influenced by the transportation. Results showed that pre-transport fish manipulation (hauling, netting, handling, loading) was found to be an important stressor for fish. Long-distance transportation itself was relatively considerate for the common carp tested.

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Cortisol-induced increase in susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, to Vibrio salmonicida, together with effects on the blood cell pattern

Cited by 69 publications

References 24 publications

Immunological assessment of hybrid striped bass at three culture temperatures

Immunological assessment of hybrid striped bass at three culture temperatures

The effect of transport on biochemical and haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Stress Response to Long Distance Transportation of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

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