Cortisol Moderates the Relationship between Testosterone and Aggression in Delinquent Male Adolescents

Popma, Arne; Vermeiren, Robert; Geluk, Charlotte; Rinne, Thomas; Brink, Wim van den; Knol, Dirk L.; Jansen, Lucres M. C.; Engeland, Hermán van; Doreleijers, Theo A. H.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.006

Cited by 257 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In accordance with previous studies (Gettler et al, 2011;A. Gray, Jackson, & McKinlay, 1991;Mehta, Jones, & Josephs, 2008;Mehta & Josephs, 2010;Popma et al, 2007), testosterone and cortisol levels were modestly correlated (r = .22, p = .008). There was a positive association between proenvironmental behavior and awareness (r = .65, p < .001) but neither testosterone nor cortisol was correlated with the two pro-environmental measures.…”

Section: Descriptive Statistics and Zero-order Correlationssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Accordingly, we aimed for a large sample in the proposed range. Furthermore, previous studies investigating joint effects of testosterone and cortisol on antisocial behavior have mainly been conducted with very homogenous samples such as prison inmates , delinquent youths (Popma et al, 2007), or psychology students (Mehta & Josephs, 2010;Zilioli & Watson, 2012). Therefore, a further aim of the present study was to investigate effects of testosterone and cortisol in a more heterogeneous sample regarding age and occupational background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, basal testosterone has been shown to be positively associated with aggression (Dabbs, Jurkovic, & Frady, 1991;Popma et al, 2007), dominance (Mehta & Josephs, 2010), testosterone rise in response to winning a competition (Zilioli & Watson, 2012), social status within a women's athletic team (Edwards & Casto, 2013), antisocial punishment (Pfattheicher, Landhäußer, & Keller, 2014), and risk-taking behavior (Mehta, Welker, Zilioli, & Carré, 2015) exclusively when cortisol levels were low. Conversely, in subjects with high cortisol the relationship between testosterone and aggressive or dominant behavior was non-existent Edwards & Casto, 2013;Pfattheicher et al, 2014;Popma et al, 2007), or even reversed (Mehta & Josephs, 2010). In addition, and of particular importance for the current hypotheses, one recent study found a reversed testosterone x cortisol interaction effect on self-reported empathy as a positive social behavior (Zilioli, Ponzi, Henry, & Maestripieri, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, most of the studies described above reported endocrine influences on the extent of undesirable behavior such as violence, aggression, or dominance. However, there is one study in which interaction effects of testosterone and cortisol were investigated not only for a behavioral but also for a cognitive-emotional form of aggression (Popma et al, 2007). Interestingly, a testosterone x cortisol interaction effect was found only for the behavioral component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary testosterone and cortisol are jointly related to pro-environmental behavior in men

Sollberger

Bernauer

Ehlert

2015

Social Neuroscience

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Recently, cortisol has been suggested to moderate the positive relationship between testosterone and antisocial behavior. More precisely, high testosterone levels have been found to be related to aggressive or dominant behavior especially when cortisol levels were low. In the present study, we aimed to extend these findings to pro-environmental behavior as an indicator of prosocial behavior. In a first step, 147 male participants provided information on their everyday pro-environmental behavior by completing an online questionnaire on various energy-saving behaviors. In a second step, subjects provided two saliva samples for the assessment of testosterone and cortisol on two subsequent mornings after awakening. We found that testosterone was negatively related to pro-environmental behavior, but only in men with low cortisol. In conclusion, our findings provide first evidence for the joint association of testosterone and cortisol with everyday pro-environmental behavior. These results further reinforce the importance of considering interdependent hormone systems simultaneously rather than focusing on a single hormone.

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Section: Descriptive Statistics and Zero-order Correlationssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Salivary testosterone and cortisol are jointly related to pro-environmental behavior in men

Sollberger

Bernauer

Ehlert

2015

Social Neuroscience

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“…These include empathy, neuropsychological skills (Pinto et al, 2010), experience, environmental interaction, and/or cortisol (C) levels (Moya-Albiol, 2010). Indeed, C may work as a modulator of the effect of T on behavior (Terburg, Morgan, & vanHonk, 2009) because T is closely linked to aggressive behavior only in those participants with low C (Popma et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: A preliminary study

Romero‐Martínez

Lila

Sariñana-González

et al. 2013

Aggressive Behavior

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Hormonal and neuropsychological impairment in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators could play a role in domestic violence. For characterizing whether there is a specific psychobiological response to stress, participants who had previously been jailed for IPV and controls were compared for testosterone and cortisol levels, tested for 2D:4D ratio (as an indicator of masculinization), and given several trait questionnaires and neuropsychological tests related to executive functions and theory of mind. After performing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), IPV perpetrators experienced decreases in salivary testosterone (T) levels, a moderate worsening of mood, slight anxiety, and a salivary cortisol (C) level increase. Moreover, high basal T was related with high levels of anger and anxiety and worse mood. However, that basal mood does not significantly alter T levels in response to stress. Nonetheless, controls experienced smaller changes in T and larger changes in C and psychological mood. With respect to neuropsychological and cognitive empathic features, IPV perpetrators showed poorer executive performance and emotional recognition than controls. In addition, deficits in both neuropsychological domains were positively associated. Regarding emotional empathy, IPV perpetrators showed higher levels of personal distress than controls. The 2D:4D ratio was lower in IPV perpetrators than in controls. Moreover, only in the former a smaller 2D:4D ratio was related to large increases in T in response to stress and poor emotional recognition. Together with social aspects involved in IPV, differences in psychobiological variables and their relationships could play a relevant role in the onset and perpetuation of violent behavior. Aggr. Behav. 9999:1-15, 2013.

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Higher Crash and Near-Crash Rates in Teenaged Drivers With Lower Cortisol Response

et al. 2014

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IMPORTANCE Road traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of injury and death among teenagers worldwide. Better understanding of the individual pathways to driving risk may lead to better-targeted intervention in this vulnerable group. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between cortisol, a neurobiological marker of stress regulation linked to risky behavior, and driving risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Naturalistic Teenage Driving Study was designed to continuously monitor the driving behavior of teenagers by instrumenting vehicles with kinematic sensors, cameras, and a global positioning system. During 2006–2008, a community sample of 42 newly licensed 16-year-old volunteer participants in the United States was recruited and driving behavior monitored. It was hypothesized in teenagers that higher cortisol response to stress is associated with (1) lower crash and near-crash (CNC) rates during their first 18 months of licensure and (2) faster reduction in CNC rates over time. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants’ cortisol response during a stress-inducing task was assessed at baseline, followed by measurement of their involvement in CNCs and driving exposure during their first 18 months of licensure. Mixed-effect Poisson longitudinal regression models were used to examine the association between baseline cortisol response and CNC rates during the follow-up period. RESULTS Participants with a higher baseline cortisol response had lower CNC rates during the follow-up period (exponential of the regression coefficient, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.88–0.98) and faster decrease in CNC rates over time (exponential of the regression coefficient, 0.98; 95%, CI, 0.96–0.99). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cortisol is a neurobiological marker associated with teenaged-driving risk. As in other problem-behavior fields, identification of an objective marker of teenaged-driving risk promises the development of more personalized intervention approaches.

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Cortisol Moderates the Relationship between Testosterone and Aggression in Delinquent Male Adolescents

Cited by 257 publications

References 60 publications

Salivary testosterone and cortisol are jointly related to pro-environmental behavior in men

Salivary testosterone and cortisol are jointly related to pro-environmental behavior in men

High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: A preliminary study

Higher Crash and Near-Crash Rates in Teenaged Drivers With Lower Cortisol Response

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