Cortisol plasmático como indicador de estresse em colopexias laparoscópicas com implante de tela de polipropileno en cães

Abstract

A realização de cirurgias convencionais, mesmo com a utilização recomendada de fármacos analgésicos, geralmente está associada a um período de recuperação longo, além de causar estresse, dor e desconforto nos animais, dependendo do grau de invasão do procedimento. Considerando a crescente busca por métodos que minimizem o estresse cirúrgico em cães, reduzindo o período de recuperação pós-cirúrgico, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para avaliar a técnica de colopexia laparoscópica em relação aos níveis de cortisol plasmático, as frequências respiratórias, e as frequências cardíacas nos períodos pré, trans e pós-operatório imediatos. Foram utilizados nove cães, fêmeas adultas, SRD. As coletas sanguíneas para mensuração dos níveis de cortisol, e os parâmetros de frequências respiratórias (FR) e cardíacas (FC) foram efetuadas a partir do préoperatório até o término do procedimento. Após esse período, a tomada de dados foi realizada de três em três horas até completar as primeiras 12 horas pós-operatórias. Os níveis de cortisol foram mensurados com a utilização de Kit ELISA para cortisol. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey, considerando as diferenças significativas p < 0,05. Aumentos dos níveis de cortisol, FR e FC foram verificados principalmente no período após tricotomia, mantendo-se constantes no transcirúrgico, com um novo aumento no pós-operatório imediato, no período de recuperação anestésica. Tais parâmetros retornaram aos valores basais nove horas após o término da operação. Conclui-se que a colopexia laparoscópica causa estresse ao paciente, contudo os valores de cortisol plasmático apresentaram-se dentro de valores fisiológicos para a espécie em estudo e tenderam ao retorno às condições basais, nove horas após a operação.

Evaluation of post-operative pain and stress in dogs after elective ovariohysterectomy under hospitalization

“…At T0 (before sedation/surgery), none of the animals were under any medication, and they had not experienced any painful stimulus. Therefore, the presence of high serum cortisol levels (μg/dL) at T0 suggests that they were displaying a response to stress that was not linked to any nociceptive stimulus (Freeman et al, 2010;Hekman et al, 2012;Hellyer et al, 2007;Michelsen et al, 2012;Zanella et al, 2009). Malm et al (2005b) and Horta et al (2015) assessed pain and stress in dogs subjected to OVH and mastectomy, respectively, and found no evidence of increased serum cortisol levels (μg/dL) before surgery, unlike the results presented in this study.…”

“…Although both groups showed increased glycemia (mg/ dL) in T4, the presence of hyperglycemic state observed only in the average of group 2 (OVH) was possibly due to nociceptive stimulation, intensifying the stress signals in these animals. Increased serum cortisol levels (μg/dL) are also known to lead to increased gluconeogenesis which, associated with increased circulating catecholamines, promotes insulin resistance, culminating in hyperglycemia (Hellyer et al, 2007;Horta et al, 2015;Zanella et al, 2009).…”

“…Several hormones (adrenocorticotropic, glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and prolactin, among others) are involved in the stress condition, and adrenal glands play an important role in this mechanism, related with hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes (Hekman et al, 2014;Möstl & Palme, 2002;Willen at al., 2017). Cortisol (μg/dL) is the main indicator of stress (Broom, 1991;Hekman et al, 2012;Möstl & Palme, 2002;Zanella et al, 2009), and another important indicator of metabolic stress is serum glucose (mg/dL), which tends to be increased after surgical trauma (Freeman et al, 2010). Physiological parameters such as body temperature, blood pressure and heart and respiratory rates are also reported as indicators of stress and pain in dogs (Freeman et al, 2010;Hekman et al, 2014;Hellyer & Gaynor, 1998;Hellyer et al, 2007;Lefman & Prittie, 2019;Srithunyarat et al, 2016;Väisänen et al, 2005;Zanella et al, 2009).…”

Development of effective and minimally invasive surgical techniques for the preparation of intact, sterile boars

“…While there were no differences observed in platelet count among the surgical groups when compared with the control group (TE: 366,226 [29,477] cells/mm³, P = .059; VS: 421,945 [27,610] cells/mm³, P = .76; VI: 492,675 [29,055] cells/mm³, P = .75; and control: 456,256 [29,436] cells/mm³), the TE and VI groups did differ (P = .005; Figure 1A). In addition, there was no time effect on D0 (429,594 [24,256] cells/mm 3 ), D2 (459,862 [26,530] cells/mm 3 ), or D7 (413,372 [27,174] There was no difference in cortisol concentration between the treatment groups (TE: 3.87 [0.35] µg/dL; VS: 3.85 [0.31] µg/dL; VI: 3.27 [0.33] µg/dL; and control: 3.42 [0.37] µg/dL; P = .45). However, a difference in cortisol concentration was identified between D0 (3.97 [0.15] µg/dL) and D2 (3.24 [0.24] µg/dL; P = .02; Figure 1D).…”

Evaluation of transsurgical stress in bitches submitted to ovariosalpingohisterectomy under infusions of fentanyl, lidocaine, and ketamine, associated or not with dexmedetomidine

“…When observing cardiorespiratory variables after the use of FLK in dogs undergoing arthroscopy, Belmonte et al (2013) found stability in the parameters, evidencing the analgesic action of FLK. Zanella et al (2009) and Rodrigues et al (2012) point out that cortisol is a great marker for assessing both trans-and postsurgical stress. However, several factors can influence the increase in cortisol in the body, including the anesthetic drug itself (Naddaf et al, 2014).…”