Cortisol, Platelet Serotonin Content, and Platelet Activity in Patients With Major Depression and Type 2 Diabetes

Zahn, Daniela; Petrak, Frank; Franke, L.; Hägele, Anna-Karolina; Juckel, Georg; Lederbogen, Florian; Neubauer, H.; Norra, Christine; Uhl, Idun; Herpertz, Stephan

doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000145

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…There are controversial results of blood 5‐HT. Some studies reported that platelet 5‐HT levels did not change in CUMS rats, whereas some studies reported reduced blood 5‐HT levels could be a marker for depression . The present study found there were no noteworthy changes in serum 5‐HT levels of each group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Some studies reported that platelet 5-HT levels did not change in CUMS rats, [30][31][32] whereas some studies reported reduced blood 5-HT levels could be a marker for depression. [34][35][36] The present study found there were no noteworthy changes in serum 5-HT levels of each group. The reason might be related to blood-brain barriers (BBB).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

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Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

106

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Objective This study was to inspect the antidepressant‑like effect of prebiotics and probiotics, and to explore the effect of modulating gut microbiota on the serotonin (5‐HT) metabolism. Methods Fifty rats were separated into control and other four groups randomly. The four groups underwent the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) intervention with or without prebiotics and probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, L. rhamnosus) treatment. After weighted, the animals underwent a series of behavioral tests comprising the sucrose preference test (SPT) and the forced swimming test (FST). Central and colonic serotonin levels and relative metabolism factors were measured and analyzed. Microbiota was examined by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Results CUMS intervention caused a decrease in body weight, an increase in FST, and a decrease in SPT. Prebiotics and probiotics all ameliorated the CUMS‐induced loss of weight and depressive‐like behaviors to a certain extent, especially L. rhamnosus. Compared with the group of CUMS intervention, the rats of probiotics and probiotics treatment had a tendency to reduce colonic 5‐HT and increase 5‐HT in frontal cortex and hippocampus. However, there was no significant difference in peripheral blood 5‐HT among these groups. Furthermore, CUMS caused noteworthy gut microbiota variations at the phylum and other levels in rats. Remarkably, there were considerable relations of perturbed gut microbiota with the changed metabolism of 5‐HT. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings implied that prebiotics and probiotics have antidepressive effects, and a considerable effect on the regulation of 5‐HT metabolism, especially L. rhamnosus.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

106

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“…Maximum peripheral serotonin storage is in the platelets (Duerschmied et al., 2013), and dysregulated serotonin signaling in platelets is associated with depression (Ziegelstein et al., 2009). An exploratory study uncovered a correlation between platelet 5‐HT content and increased platelet activity in comorbid patients i.e., with both MDD and T2DM (Zahn et al., 2015). Therefore, both central and peripheral dysregulation of the serotonergic system may link diabetes and depression.…”

Section: Physiological Factors That Play Key Roles In the Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology linking depression and type 2 diabetes: Psychotherapy, physical exercise, and fecal microbiome transplantation as damage control

Subba

Sandhir

Singh

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing depression and vice versa. Research on this bidirectional association has somewhat managed to delineate the interplay among implicated physiological processes. Still, further exploration is required in this context. This review addresses the comorbidity by investigating suspected common pathophysiological mechanisms. One such factor is psychological stress which disturbs the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis causing hormonal imbalance. This includes elevated cortisol levels, a common biomarker of both depression and diabetes. Disrupted insulin signaling drives the hampered neurotransmission of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Also, adipokine hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, are involved in both depression and T2DM. This disarray further interferes with physiological processes encompassing sleep, the gut–brain axis, metabolism, and mood stability. Behavioral coping mechanisms, such as unhealthy eating, mediate disturbed glucose homeostasis, and neuroinflammation. This is intricately linked to oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, interventions such as psychotherapy, physical exercise, fecal microbiota transplantation, and insulin‐sensitizing agents can help to manage the distressing condition. The possibility of glucagon‐like peptide 1 possessing a therapeutic role has also been discussed. Nonetheless, there stands an urgent need for unraveling new correlating targets and biological markers for efficient treatment.

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“…Studies have shown that many behaviors and physiological changes associated with depression are risk factors for insulin resistance. This includes lower physical activity levels 13 , weight change 14 , and cortisol levels 15 . However, evidence of association between depression and altered glucose homeostasis has been conflicting in epidemiological studies 6, 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of depression on genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic longitudinal study

Garasia

Samaan

Gerstein

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We assessed the association between depression status and prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as the interaction between depression and a genetic risk score (GS) based on 20 T2D single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a multi-ethnic longitudinal study. We studied 17,375 participants at risk for dysglycemia. All participants had genotypic and phenotypic data collected at baseline and 9,930 participants were followed-up for a median of 3.3 years. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D statuses were determined using an oral glucose tolerance test and the 2003 American Diabetes Association criteria. Depression was diagnosed at baseline using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM IV). Multivariate logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and body-mass index and an interaction term GS X depression was added to the model. After appropriate Bonferroni correction, no significant association between depression and T2D-related traits (IFG/IGT, T2D and dysglycemia), and no significant interaction between the GS and depression status was observed at baseline or follow-up. Our longitudinal data do not support an association between depression and abnormal glycemic status. Moreover, depression does not modify the effect of T2D predisposing gene variants.

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Cortisol, Platelet Serotonin Content, and Platelet Activity in Patients With Major Depression and Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Pathophysiology linking depression and type 2 diabetes: Psychotherapy, physical exercise, and fecal microbiome transplantation as damage control

Influence of depression on genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic longitudinal study

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