Cortisol reactivity in young infants

Jansen, Josephine; Beijers, Roseriet; Riksen-Walraven, Marianne; Weerth, Carolina de

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.07.008

Cited by 162 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The early emergence of the CAR is in accordance with previous findings that infants show a relatively strong HPA response to acute stressors compared to older children (Gunnar et al, 2009;Jansen et al, 2010; see also introduction section).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…As yet, studying adrenocortical reactivity in young children has strongly relied on stress paradigms, for example maternal separation (Goldberg et al, 2003) or blood draws and inoculation (Felt et al, 2000), even though such approaches face logistic (e.g. laboratory based assessment required) and ethical limitations and there is still some difficulty in understanding why some stressors successfully produce elevated cortisol levels whereas others do not (Gunnar et al, 2009;Jansen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While psychological stressors do not consistently provoke a cortisol reaction in infants, in response to physical stressors, the infant HPA axis mostly reacts with a moderate cortisol reaction during the postpartal period, with decreasing reactivity effect sizes with increasing infant age (Gunnar et al, 1996;Gunnar et al, 2009;Jansen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Tegethoff

Knierzinger

Meyer

et al. 2013

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Tegethoff

Knierzinger

Meyer

et al. 2013

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…The foci of the research questions can vary from foci concerned with body functions primarily assessed with the help of "objective measures" such as blood samples, salivary samples [4] or hearing test. Except from decisions on how the procedure should be managed, the need for a child´s perspective is not that necessary.…”

Section: Type Of Problem To Be Investigated and The Context In Whichmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s voices – Differentiating a child perspective from a child’s perspective

Nilsson

Björkman

Almqvist

et al. 2013

Developmental Neurorehabilitation

101

112

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Objective: The aim of this paper was to discuss differences between having a child perspective and taking the child´s perspective based on the problem being investigated Methods: Conceptual paper based on narrative review.Results: The child´s perspective in research concerning children that need additional support are important. The difference between having a child perspective and taking the child"s perspective in conjunction with the need to know children"s opinions has been discussed in the literature. From an ideological perspective the difference between the two perspectives seems self-evident, but the perspectives might be better seen as different ends on a continuum solely from an adult"s view of children to solely the perspective of children themselves.Depending on the research question, the design of the study may benefit from taking either perspective. In this article, we discuss the difference between the perspectives based on the problem being investigated, children"s capacity to express opinions, environmental adaptations and the degree of interpretation needed to understand children"s opinions.

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“…It is also notable that breastfeeding acts to attenuate the infant's hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response (91), which is likely to inhibit the chronic effects of cortisol that can increase monoamine oxidase, which melatonin prevents (92). This requires investigation in early development, as the infant's HPA axis can be unpredictably active (93), allowing stress to have early impacts in the gut and gut-brain axis. It is also of note that maternal stress and anxieties prenatally also act to modulate the infant's HPA axis response (94).…”

Section: Breastfeeding: Modulation Of the Gut And Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis: is there a role for melatonin?

Anderson¹,

Vaillancourt²,

Maes

et al. 2017

Biomolecular Concepts

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The benefits of breastfeeding over formula feed are widely appreciated. However, for many mothers breastfeeding is not possible, highlighting the need for a significant improvement in the contents of formula feed. In this article, the overlooked role of melatonin and the melatonergic pathways in breast milk and in the regulation of wider breast milk components are reviewed. There is a growing appreciation that the benefits of breastfeeding are mediated by its effects in the infant gut, with consequences for the development of the gut-brain axis and the immune system. The melatonergic pathways are intimately associated with highly researched processes in the gut, gut microbiome and gut-brain axis. As the melatonergic pathways are dependent on the levels of serotonin availability as a necessary precursor, decreased melatonin is linked to depression and depression-associated disorders. The association of breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis with a host of medical conditions may be mediated by their regulation of processes that modulate depression susceptibility. The biological underpinnings of depression include increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, kynurenine pathway activity and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, all of which can decrease melatonergic pathway activity. The inclusion of the melatonergic pathways in the biological interactions of breast milk and gut development has significant theoretical and treatment implications, as well as being important to the prevention of a host of infant-, child-and adult-onset medical conditions.

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Cortisol reactivity in young infants

Cited by 162 publications

References 75 publications

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Children’s voices – Differentiating a child perspective from a child’s perspective

Breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis: is there a role for melatonin?

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