Cortisol response to a psychosocial stressor in schizophrenia: Blunted, delayed, or normal?

Brenner, Karène; Liu, A.; Laplante, David P.; Lupien, Sonia J.; Pruessner, Jens C.; Ciampi, Antonio; Joober, Ridha; King, Suzanne

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.01.002

Cited by 100 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The original TSST has been utilized, since its inception, to measure stress reactivity in diverse populations such as children (TSST-C; Buske- , middle-aged adults (Fiocco, Joober, & Lupien, 2007), and retired people (Kudielka et al, 1998), as well as in various pathologies, such as psychiatric patients (Brenner et al, 2009), metabolic syndrome (Chrousos, 2000), systemic hypertension (Esler et al, 2008), systemic lupus erythematosus (Pawlak et al, 1999;Santos-Ruiz et al, 2010), and myalgias (Sjörs et al, 2010). Likewise, the TSST has been used to test the relationship between stress and a variety of psychologic variables, such as depression (Parker, Schatzberg, & Lyons, 2003), social anxiety (Shirotsuki et al, 2009), and personality traits (Kirschbaum, Bartussek, & Strasburger, 1992;Pruessner et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A virtual reality approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: Contrasting two distinct protocols

et al. 2015

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Virtual reality adaptations of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR) constitute useful tools for studying the physiologic axes involved in the stress response. Here, we aimed to determine the most appropriate experimental approach to the TSST-VR when investigating the modulation of the axes involved in the stress response. We compared the use of goggles versus a screen projection in the TSST-VR paradigm. Fortyfive healthy participants were divided into two groups: the first one (goggles condition; 13 females, 11 males) wore goggles while performing the TSST-VR; the second (screen condition; 15 females, six males) was exposed to the TSST-VR projected on a screen. Sympathetic reactivity to stress was measured by continuously recording skin conductance (SC), while the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) was evaluated by sampling salivary cortisol throughout the experiment. At the end of the task, there was an increase in SC and cortisol level for both means of delivering the TSST-VR, although the increase in SC was greater in the goggles condition, while salivary cortisol was comparable in both groups. Immersion levels were reportedly higher in the screen presentation than in the goggles group. In terms of sex differences, females experienced greater involvement and spatial presence, though comparatively less experienced realism, than their male counterparts. These findings help us determine which protocol of the TSST-VR is most suitable for the stress response under study. They also emphasize the need to consider the sex of participants, as males and females show distinct responses in each protocol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A virtual reality approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: Contrasting two distinct protocols

et al. 2015

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“…Indeed, HPA axis dysfunction is less consistently reported in schizophrenia than in depression [3,4]. On the other hand, studies employing psychosocial challenge paradigms have reported blunted cortisol responses in schizophrenia patients [5,6]. Individuals who are at risk for developing psychosis [7,8], those with first episode psychosis [9,10], and those *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Tel: +81 42 341 2711; Fax +81 42 346 1744; E-mail: hori@ncnp.go.jp with schizotypal personality [11,12] have also been shown to be associated with altered HPA axis function, although findings are again not uniform, that is, both hyper-and hypocortisolism are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Cortisol Level and Cortisol/DHEAS Ratio in Schizophrenia as Revealed by Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Hori¹

2012

TONEUROPPJ

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Abstract:Earlier studies have used the dexamethasone (DEX) suppression test (DST) to investigate the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) function in schizophrenia, although the findings are controversial. Recently there has been an increased interest in the role of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) in HPA axis function. Several studies have investigated basal DHEA(S) levels and cortisol/DHEA(S) ratios in schizophrenia patients, while no attempts have been made to investigate DHEA(S) level in response to the DEX administration. We aimed to compare the post-DEX cortisol and DHEAS levels and the cortisol/DHEAS ratio between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Here we administered the DST to 43 patients with schizophrenia and 37 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma cortisol levels, serum DHEAS levels, and cortisol/DHEAS ratio after administration of 0.5 mg of DEX were compared between the two groups. Schizophrenia patients showed significantly higher cortisol level and cortisol/DHEAS ratio than controls, while DHEAS levels were not significantly different between groups. These results suggest that besides the cortisol level, cortisol/DHEAS ratio as assessed with the DST might reflect abnormal HPA axis function in schizophrenia.

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“…Markedly enhanced blood or salivary cortisol response were found in ASD children when exposed to social stress [126,127]. In schizophrenia patients, salivary cortisol secretion was slightly increased by exposure to stress [128]. Therefore, it is unlikely that a significant blunting in the HPA axis occurs in patients with mood disorders, ASD, and schizophrenia.…”

Section: Mood Disorders Asd and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Psycho-Behavioral Spiral of Disturbances in Prosocial Behavior, Stress Response, and Self-Regulation inSubstance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Nakagawa¹

2017

J Drug Alcohol Res

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Studies on neuropathological changes in substance-related and addictive disorders (SRADs) suggest that substance abuse or pathological gambling induces persistent abnormalities in the brain reward system that compromise emotional, decision making, and stress responses. Moreover, the enhancement of cortisol secretion resulting from long-term hyperactivation of the stress response is thought to impair the self-regulating system that controls emotion and executive function. In contrast, oxytocin induces prosocial behavior, attenuates the stress response, and reduces addictive behaviors in laboratory animals and humans. Prosocial behavior, a major coping response for stress in humans, is believed to be related to reward system function. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is reported to lessen some symptoms of SRADs by affecting the function of the prefrontal cortex. Taken together these findings suggest that abnormalities of the reward system trigger the psycho-behavioral spiral of disturbances in prosocial behavior, the stress response, and self-regulation that are associated with SRADs. It is proposed that CBT in combination with drugs known to modulate prosocial behavior and the stress response could be of therapeutic value in the treatment of SRADs.

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Cortisol response to a psychosocial stressor in schizophrenia: Blunted, delayed, or normal?

Cited by 100 publications

References 38 publications

A virtual reality approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: Contrasting two distinct protocols

A virtual reality approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: Contrasting two distinct protocols

Elevated Cortisol Level and Cortisol/DHEAS Ratio in Schizophrenia as Revealed by Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Psycho-Behavioral Spiral of Disturbances in Prosocial Behavior, Stress Response, and Self-Regulation inSubstance-Related and Addictive Disorders

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