Corynebacterium antarcticum sp. nov., Corynebacterium marambiense sp. nov., Corynebacterium meridianum sp. nov., and Corynebacterium pygosceleis sp. nov., isolated from Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)

Corynebacterium mendelii sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from Adélie penguin oral cavity

“…The following antibiotics were tested (amount per disc): penicillin G (1 IU), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), linezolid (10 µg) and rifampicin (5 µg) (Oxoid). Strain P5891 T was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested except for penicillin G. This corresponded well with the recently described Corynebacterium species isolated from Adélie penguins described by Švec et al [11], in which all the strains of C. marambiense, C. meridianum and C. pygosceleis and one strain of C. antarcticum also exhibited resistance to penicillin G, while being susceptible to most of the other antibiotics tested (except clindamycin). Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters was performed from biomasses of all three compared strains: P5891 T , C. rouxii FRC0190 T and C. epidermidicanis CCM 9052 T .…”

“…Strain P5891 T was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested except for penicillin G. This corresponded well with the recently described Corynebacterium species isolated from Adélie penguins described by Švec et al . [11], in which all the strains of C. marambiense , C. meridianum and C. pygosceleis and one strain of C. antarcticum also exhibited resistance to penicillin G, while being susceptible to most of the other antibiotics tested (except clindamycin).…”

“…Specifically in penguins, various Corynebacterium species appear to be an abundant part of the normal oral, cloacal and skin microbiome [6–11]. Multiple novel species have been isolated from penguins: Corynebacterium sphenisci [6] and Corynebacterium spheniscorum [7], both originating from apparently healthy Magellanic penguins, Corynebacterium antarcticum , Corynebacterium marambiense , Corynebacterium meridianum and Corynebacterium pygosceleis [11], originating from apparently healthy Adélie penguins, and Corynebacterium megadyptis , isolated from yellow-eyed penguin chicks with diphtheritic stomatitis [12]. Several studies have suggested a link between corynebacteria and various penguin diseases, such as diphtheritic stomatitis [8, 12, 13], bumblefoot infections [9], and ocular lesions [14].…”