Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis Infection (Caseous Lymphadenitis) in Camels (Camelus Dromedarius) in Jordan

Abstract

Problem statement: This study was conducted to describe & report for the first time outbreaks of natural C.pseudotuberculosis infection in adult camel herds (Camelus dromedarius) in Jordan. An infectious disease syndrome was reported in three camel herds (Camelus dromedarius) intensively raised at south province in Jordan. Approach: The herds included over 160 adult camels out of which about 8% were affected with multiple muscle and subcutaneous abscesses at various sites of the body. The camels were also heavily infested with ticks. Results: The infected camels did not respond favorably to several broad spectrum antibiotics. Post-mortem examination of 5 carcasses revealed emaciation and presence of external and internal multiple abscesses particularly in the lungs. The abscesses were encapsulated by fibrous tissue and contained creamy yellowish white pus. The lymph nodes were slightly congested and swollen. Conclusion: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis type I strain or biovar ovis (the known cause of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep) was isolated from pus, lymph nodes, ticks, milk, blood and liver samples. The clinical symptoms, nature and distribution of lesions of caseous lymphadenitis in camels are not as typical as in sheep. Recommendations for pseudotuberculosis control were given.

Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sudanese and Somalian Camels Imported for Meat Consumption in Egypt

“…The distribution of lesions indicates that the anterior body half affection is common, particularly in the cervical region (Inferior cervical and prescapular lymph nodes). Similar results were reported in previous studies (Hawari, 2008;Moallin, 2009). The cervical region is highly exposed to abrasions which may occur because of friction against hard and sharp objects during the transportation of camels in merchant ships or from seaports to markets and abattoirs as camels are transmitted in the sternal recumbency position.…”

“…Some affected lymph nodes showed congestion and enlargement without abscess formation which may indicate a different nature or the early stage of the disease. Congestion without abscess formation was recorded in previous studies (Radwan et al, 1989;Hawari, 2008).…”

“…A total of 850 adult one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius), imported from Sudan and Somalia for meat consumption and slaughtered at AlWarraq abattoir, Giza (Egypt), were subjected to clinical and postmortem examinations (Hawari, 2008;Dioli, 2013).…”

“…Affected camels may remain subclinical or show apparent symptoms. CLA lesions usually appear as abscesses in the superficial or visceral lymph nodes and organs associated with chronic weight loss (Hawari, 2008). However, visceral involvement and the onion ring pattern of CLA abscess, which is common in sheep and goat, has been rarely described in camels (Abou-Zaid, et al 1994;Wernery, 2012;Aljameel, et al 2014).…”

An outbreak of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis mixed infection in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Jordan

“…The disease is common in sheep and goats. Also, high prevalence in camels has been reported in many parts of the world [28][29][30][31]. The primary cause is Actinomyces pseudotuberculosis.…”