Corynebacterium spp. – problematic pathogens of the human respiratory tract (review of literature)

Abstract

Corynebacterium spp. - representatives of the normal microflora of the human body, but their role in the development of diseases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients is known. Corynebacterim spp. (C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. striatum, C. amycolatum, C. accolens, C. argentoratense, etc.) is associated with diseases of the respiratory tract: tracheitis, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis, etc. They can be transmitted by airborne droplets, household contact, and possibly by hematogenic pathways. Corynebacterim spp. toxins do not produce, but are capable of adhesion and invasion, biofilm formation, production of neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, and hemolysin. It is necessary to take into account not so much the species, but the strain affiliation of isolates of Corynebacterium spp., since among the representatives of one species of non-diphtheria corynebacteria (for example, C. pseudodiphtheriticum), colonizing the respiratory tract, there may be strains that can exhibit not only pathogenic properties, but also probiotic activity. Microbiological diagnostics is based on their quantitative determination in biological material, phenotypic (culture study, test systems for biochemical identification, Vitek 2 automated systems) and genotypic (16SpRNA gene sequencing and rpoB) methods. It is possible to use mass spectrometric analysis (MALDI-ToF-MS). The greatest activity against Corynebacterium spp. in vitro studies preserve vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Successful therapy with at least two of the following antimicrobial agents (AMP) has been reported: vancomycin, rifampicin, linezolid, and daptomycin. The sensitivity of isolates of Corynebacterium spp. to AMP is not related to the species, but is due to strain differences, and therefore it is necessary to test each isolated strain. Continuous monitoring of the sensitivity of Corynebacterium spp. strains to AMP is necessary due to the observed variability of these traits. Of particular importance is the identification of multidrug-resistant isolates that are currently considered highly pathogenic. When compiling the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.

Phylogenomic analyses and host range prediction of cluster P mycobacteriophages

“…Using the exploratory method, all but 1 P1 bacteriophages (Donovan) appear restricted to the Mycobacterium genus ( Table 1 ). In contrast, bacteriophages of subclusters P2–P6 are likely also able to infect the nonpathogenic microbes Gordonia and Rhizobium as well as hosts of the genera Clostridiodes , Clostridium , and Corynebacterium , frequently associated with human disease, including diphtheria ( Corynebacterium diphtheriae ) as well as several hospital-acquired infections (see reviews by Bernard 2012 and Mangutov et al 2021 ). As the ability to bind to new receptors is a key step in host-range evolution ( Meyer et al 2012 ), mutations within tail protein genes might explain the predicted expanded host range of subclusters P2–P6.…”

Whole‐grain flat rice noodles improve lipid metabolism in high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice in association with gut microbiota

“…Aerococcus is associated with inflammation such as urinary tract infection (Gilbert et al, 2021). Corynebacterium is a Gram-positive bacillus that is mostly a conditional pathogen that can cause various infections such as respiratory infections (Mangutov et al, 2021). Helicobacter has been reported in patients with gastric diseases (Shen et al, 2017a(Shen et al, , 2017b.…”

Defining the baseline of pulmonary microbiota in healthy populations and influencing factors

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most notorious of Pseudomonas, as an opportunistic pathogen and the main pathogens of nosocomial infection, can cause acute or chronic infection in patients [50,51]. In addition, Corynebacterium, which is considered as the part of the normal microbiota but also functions as a pathogen causing respiratory inflammatory diseases like tracheitis, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis [52][53][54]. While in table S1, high frequency bacterial genera in healthy people [32,33,[35][36][37][39][40][41][42][43] are Veillonella, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus.…”