Cosmetic Ingredients as Emerging Pollutants of Environmental and Health Concern. A Mini-Review

Juliano, Claudia Clelia Assunta; Magrini, Giovanni Antonio

doi:10.3390/cosmetics4020011

Cited by 186 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water presents some levels of risk to aquatic organisms. Most of the pharmaceuticals are biologically active and are characterised by persistence and bioaccumulation potential, posing a threat to the ecosystem and human health (Juliano and Magrini, 2017). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of occurrence of acetaminophen, amoxicillin, diclofenac and methylparaben in Lagos Lagoon and Ologe Lagoon.…”

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Folarin¹,

Otitoloju²,

Amaeze³

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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The occurrence of acetaminophen, amoxicillin, diclofenac and methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons was investigated by random sampling of the water bodies during rainy and dry seasons. Samples analysis was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. For the two seasons, the mean environmental concentrations of acetaminophen in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons were 0.075 µg/L and 1.233 µg/L respectively. The mean environmental concentration of amoxicillin in Lagos Lagoon was 0.008 µg/L while 0.003 µg/L was the mean value in Ologe Lagoon. Diclofenac occurrence in Lagos Lagoon had a mean value of 0.136 µg/L while 0.519 µg/L was recorded in Ologe Lagoon. The environmental concentration of methylparaben in Lagos Lagoon was 0.453 µg/L while its means concentration in Ologe Lagoon was 0.089 µg/L. From the results, the environmental concentrations of acetaminophen and diclofenac in Ologe Lagoon were higher than their level of occurrence in Lagos Lagoon. However, the levels of occurrence of amoxicillin and methylparaben in Lagos Lagoon were higher than their environmental concentrations in Ologe Lagoon. Methylparaben was the most frequently detected in the water bodies with 87.5% detection frequency. This was followed by diclofenac with 75%. Also, 50% of the water samples analysed contained acetaminophen while amoxicillin had the least (37.5%) frequency of occurrence. The study established that there are active pharmaceuticals compounds and excipients present in the Nigerian aquatic environment which are micropollutants of emerging environmental concerns and of significant ecological risk. Therefore, there is need for environmental regulators to make concerted efforts towards environmental monitoring of this group of pollutants.

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Folarin¹,

Otitoloju²,

Amaeze³

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) represent xenobiotics, PPCPs and EDC groups commonly used as preservative in cosmetics and personal care products, food, pharmaceuticals, etc. Although it was found that butylparaben can be synthesised by marine bacteria (Peng et al 2006), only produced synthetically commercial parabens are used for industrial purpose (Juliano et al 2017). Furthermore, for the last 10 years, the EU regulation about paraben content in cosmetic products has been restricted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Regulation (EU) No. 358/2014 (Juliano et al 2017), isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben, phenylparaben, benzylparaben and pentylparaben are prohibited in cosmetic products. As reported by Regulation (EU) No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment

Gmurek

Gomes

Martins

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are xenobiosis belonging to endocrine disruptors and commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. Their wide use is leading to their appearance in water and wastewater in the range from ng/L to mg/L. In fact, the toxicity of benzylparaben is comparable to bisphenol A. Therefore, it is important to find not only effective but also ecofriendly methods for their removal from aqueous environment since the traditional wastewater treatment approaches are ineffective. Herein, for the first time, such extended comparison of several radical-driven technologies for paraben mixture degradation is presented. The detailed evaluation included (1) comparison of ozone and hydroxyl peroxide processes; (2) comparison of catalytic and photocatalytic processes (including photocatalytic ozonation); (3) characterisation of catalysts using SEM, XRD, DRS, XPS techniques and BET isotherm; (4) mineralisation, biodegradability and toxicity assessment; and (5) cost assessment.

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“…The maximum permissible level of this substance is 0.4% in cosmetic products for single ester and 0.8% for their combination (2,3). Parabens can be detected in wastewater, water, sediment, soil, human urine, blood, and adipose tissue (2,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Studies conducted in Canada (9), the United Kingdom (10), France (11), and China (12), reported the occurrence of parabens in municipal wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted in Canada (9), the United Kingdom (10), France (11), and China (12), reported the occurrence of parabens in municipal wastewater. There are studies suggesting that in the conventional WWTPs, these chemicals are not completely removed from the water cycle (8,(13)(14)(15) and this issue remains a challenging problem due to its complex matrices. Over the last few years, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has been found to be a practical method for extracting target compounds from solid matrices (16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of parabens in wastewater and sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using microwaveassisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Amin

Hashemi

Ebrahimpour

et al. 2019

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Due to the complexities involved in the extraction of micropollutants, the information regarding micropollutants like paraben in wastewater and sludge is scarce. The aim of this study was to adopt a microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (MADLLME) method for the extraction of parabens in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Methods: A mixed stock solution of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-parabens with concentration of 10 mg/mL were prepared in methanol. To validate this method, the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, and m/z were measured. To adopt this method in different condition, the effect of pH (3, 7, 9, and 12), microwave power (180, 300, 450, and 600 W), solvent type (methanol, acetone, methanol/water, acetone/water), and 1 g folorisil were assessed. After adopting MADLLME method, the paraben fate of this WWTP was evaluated through mass loading and emission. Results: The optimum performance of MADLLME method was observed at pH = 7, microwave power = 450 W, reaction time = 30 s, and methanol as the solvent. The total concentrations of four paraben metabolites in the WWTP ranged between 2505 ng/L in influent, 1953 ng/L in effluent, and 8.03 ng/g at wet weight sludge samples. The total mass loading and emission of four parabens in this WWTP was 0.672 mg/d/1000 people and 0.186 mg/d/1000 people, respectively. Conclusion: MADLLME method seems to be an excellent alternative, as a green extraction technique, for determining various groups of emerging micropollutants in different matrices.

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Cosmetic Ingredients as Emerging Pollutants of Environmental and Health Concern. A Mini-Review

Cited by 186 publications

References 154 publications

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment

Determination of parabens in wastewater and sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using microwaveassisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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