COSMIC RAY ORIGIN IN OB ASSOCIATIONS AND PREFERENTIAL ACCELERATION OF REFRACTORY ELEMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM ABUNDANCES OF ELEMENTS<sub>26</sub>Fe THROUGH<sub>34</sub>Se

Rauch, B. F.; Link, J. T.; Lodders, K.; Israel, M. H.; Barbier, L.; Binns, W. R.; Christian, E. R.; Cummings, J. R.; Nolfo, G. A. de; Geier, S.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Mitchell, J. W.; Schindler, S. M.; Scott, L. M.; Stone, E. C.; Streitmatter, R. E.; Waddington, C. J.; Wiedenbeck, M. E.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/697/2/2083

Cited by 91 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, these charged primary particles might be predominantly electrons, and not or only partially nuclei. Second, the composition of galactic cosmic rays matches the expectations from models, which assume the acceleration taking place in OB associations [9]. These are regions of the Milky Way with a high rate of super novae 2.…”

Section: Origin Of Cosmic Rayssupporting

confidence: 67%

Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays

Schröder¹

2012

Springer Theses

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Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic RaysCosmic rays at energies above 10 15 eV cannot be measured directly due to the low flux. Instead, the properties of the primary cosmic ray particles (arrival direction, energy, mass) have to be reconstructed from measurements of secondary particles forming an air shower. For this, digital radio antenna arrays, like LOPES at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), are a relatively new instrument. The radio emission mainly originates from the deflection of secondary air shower electrons and positrons in the Earth's magnetic field. The radio technique aims at achieving a similar quality in the reconstruction of air shower parameters as the established Cherenkov or fluorescence light detection methods, which in contrast to the radio technique are limited to dark, moonless nights.The present studies aim to advance the air shower radio detection in technological aspects and analysis methods. The developments are mainly applied to LOPES, but also provide a useful set of tools, which will soon be applied on the analysis of first AERA measurements. AERA is a next generation digital radio array at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Moreover, this thesis reflects the recent progress in the understanding of the radio emission by air showers. The main results of the studies are:• A new method for time calibration with a reference beacon has been developed.It allows a time resolution of ∼ 1 ns even with large antenna arrays. This is necessary for digital radio interferometry which improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the reconstruction accuracy of the primary particle properties. This method is essential for the measurement of cosmic rays with LOPES, and is going to be applied at AERA.• A per-event comparison of lateral distributions measured with LOPES and REAS3 simulations reflects a significantly improved understanding of the radio emission mechanisms. For the first time a Monte Carlo simulation of the radio emission by air showers can in average reproduce measured data. A detailed investigation of systematic effects was performed to accurately reconstruct LOPES lateral distributions. In particular, a method has been developed to appropriately treat the influence of radio noise on measured lateral distributions.• It is shown that a conical radio wavefront fits LOPES measurements and REAS3 simulations better than a spherical wavefront, which up to now has been assumed for LOPES beamforming analyses. Furthermore, the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum X max can be reconstructed by determining the opening angle of the conical wavefront. However, due to the small lateral extension of LOPES of about 200 m and the high radio background at KIT, the measurement uncertainty (∆X max ≈ 200 g/cm 2 ) is too large for a per-event reconstruction of the primary mass. This will improve at AERA, but could not be examined in detail because of a delay in the construction. • Eine neue Methode zur Zeitkalibration mit einen Rerefenzsender (Beaco...

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Section: Origin Of Cosmic Rayssupporting

confidence: 67%

Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays

Schröder¹

2012

Springer Theses

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“…One of the attractive features of this model is the explanation of of the observed secondary CR abundances (Binns et al 2005;Rauch et al 2009) . The recent observations of 60 Fe in CRs provide a new support to this hypothesis (Binns et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse γ-ray emission in the vicinity of young star cluster Westerlund 2

Yang

Wilhelmi

Aharonian

2018

A&A

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We report the results of our analysis of the publicly available data obtained by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board of the Fermi satellite towards the direction of the young massive star cluster Westerlund 2. We found significant extended γ-ray emission in the vicinity of Westerlund 2 with a hard power-law energy spectrum extending from 1 GeV to 250 GeV with a photon index of 2.0 ± 0.1. We argue that amongst several alternatives, the luminous stars in Westerlund 2 are likely sites of acceleration of particles responsible for the diffuse γ-ray emission of the surrounding interstellar medium. In particular, the young star cluster Westerlund 2 can provide sufficient non-thermal energy to account for the gamma-ray emission. In this scenario, since the γ-ray production region is significantly larger than the area occupied by the star cluster, we conclude that the γ-ray production is caused by hadronic interactions of the accelerated protons and nuclei with the ambient gas. In that case, the total energy budget in relativistic particles is estimated of the order of 10 50 erg.

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“…Balloon-born TIGER measurements of heavy GCRs 26 Fe through 40 Zi [194,191] show that the abundances of 26 Fe through 40 Zi in the galactic cosmic ray population adhere to a pattern where the refractory elements in the GCR population are enhanced over volatile elements. Refractory elements in GCRs with energies of hundreds of MeV per nucleon to GeV per nucleon show a preferential acceleration of a factor of four over the acceleration of volatiles [191].…”

Section: Isotopes and The Ob Association Origin Of Galactic Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

Frisch¹,

Dwarkadas²

2016

Handbook of Supernovae

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A range of astronomical data indicates that ancient supernovae created the galactic environment of the Sun and sculpted the physical properties of the interstellar medium near the heliosphere. In this paper we review the characteristics of the local interstellar medium that have been affected by supernovae. The kinematics, magnetic field, elemental abundances, and configuration of the nearest interstellar material support the view that the Sun is at the edge of the Loop I superbubble, which has merged into the low density Local Bubble. The energy source for the higher temperature X-ray emitting plasma pervading the Local Bubble is uncertain. Winds from massive stars and nearby supernovae, perhaps from the Sco-Cen Association, may have contributed radioisotopes found in the geologic record and galactic cosmic ray population. Nested supernova shells in the Orion and Sco-Cen regions suggest spatially distinct sites of episodic star formation. The heliosphere properties vary with the pressure of the surrounding interstellar cloud. A nearby supernova would modify this pressure equilibrium and thereby severely disrupt the heliosphere as well as the local interstellar medium.

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COSMIC RAY ORIGIN IN OB ASSOCIATIONS AND PREFERENTIAL ACCELERATION OF REFRACTORY ELEMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM ABUNDANCES OF ELEMENTS₂₆Fe THROUGH₃₄Se

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays

Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays

Diffuse γ-ray emission in the vicinity of young star cluster Westerlund 2

Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

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COSMIC RAY ORIGIN IN OB ASSOCIATIONS AND PREFERENTIAL ACCELERATION OF REFRACTORY ELEMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM ABUNDANCES OF ELEMENTS26Fe THROUGH34Se

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays

Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays

Diffuse γ-ray emission in the vicinity of young star cluster Westerlund 2

Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

COSMIC RAY ORIGIN IN OB ASSOCIATIONS AND PREFERENTIAL ACCELERATION OF REFRACTORY ELEMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM ABUNDANCES OF ELEMENTS₂₆Fe THROUGH₃₄Se