Cosmic rays and meteorology

Rochester, G. D.

doi:10.1002/qj.49708837802

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although the need to consider atmospheric pressure in gas counting has long been appreciated, recognition of the corresponding need in liquid scintillation systems is new. The importance of atmospheric pressure in this connection can probably be attributed to its inverse relationship with the intensity of cosmic radiation (Rochester, 1962;Lapointe and Rose, 1962), since cosmic radiation accounts for about half the background count rate observed.…”

Section: Counting Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise ¹⁴C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Pearson¹

1979

Radiocarbon

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with National Bureau of Standards oxalic acid, 95 percent of the specific activity of which is taken to be that of a sample aged AD 1950, Nb = background count rate (cpm).As the sample, reference standard, and background are prepared and counted in the same way, it is generally assumed that any inaccuracies in experimental technique will be the same for each. For this reason radiocarbon dates are usually quoted with a precision (standard deviation, SD) based on the statistics of counting alone and makes no allowance for errors associated with technique apart from sample dilution and isotopic enrichment. However, in practice, sample, reference standard, and background are not counted in identical fashion, as the precision of a date is improved by accumulating counts from reference standard and background over a prolonged period. As a result, sample, reference standard, and background may be counted on different occasions, and there is a possibility that different errors may arise in each with a resulting loss of accuracy. It should be possible to eliminate this difficulty if constant preparatory and counting conditions can be provided by investigating (and correcting for) all foreseeable sources of error. This paper describes such an investigation, the object being to achieve an overall precision on a radiocarbon date of about ±20 yrs in order to make a detailed calibration of the radiocarbon time scale (Pearsorl and others, 1977).As the age of sample carbon is given by 8033 loge Z 095 (Callow, . Baker, and Hassall, 1965) The procedure adopted was to convert sample carbon to benzene according to the method of Barker, Burleigh, and Meeks (1969), but scaled up to produce at least 16 ml benzene per sample, and then assess the 14C content of the benzene in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. A preliminary outline account of the procedure has appeared elsewhere (Pearson and others, 1977). EVALUATION OF ERRORS AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE COUNTING SYSTEMThe errors encountered in a liquid scintillation dating system fall into three distinct groups. There are, first, the errors associated with the statistics of counting; second, those associated with the uncertainty remaining after corrections have been made to improve the accuracy of measurement; and third, those consequent on the uncertainty surrounding the reproducibility of external source channels ratio (p 10) and the assumption that vial efficiency and background are constant (p 17). The last two groups of errors will be considered together and termed correction errors.If these correction errors are assumed to be independent of each other and specific to sample, reference standard, and background respectively, each count rate will have to be corrected in turn to give the count rate appropriate to the standard conditions. Errors associated with the corrections made to the components of N, N1, and N,, will each contribute to the total error in the ratio Z. To determine how much error can be allowed in each individual component and so assess what will be required ...

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Section: Counting Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise ¹⁴C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Pearson¹

1979

Radiocarbon

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“…Since the muons are the most abundant charged particle at the earth's surface composing up to 70 percent of cosmic-rays [43], [46] and [49], a strong argument can be made for teleconnection between the various atmospheric phenomena, not only during the stratospheric sudden warming periods but for all seasons. This is so since cosmic ray muon flux is impacted by the changes in temperature and pressure during the different seasons.…”

Section: Teleconnections With Cosmic-ray Muon Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Apparent Teleconnection between Cosmic-Ray Muon Flux over Jamaica and Large-Scale Climate Phenomena That Impact the Caribbean

Brown¹,

Charlery²,

Voutchkov³

2019

ACS

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The apparent teleconnection between cosmic-ray muon flux over a base point in the Caribbean is discussed against the background of an extensive record of indices representing large-scale climatic phenomena, but limited cosmic-ray muon flux data. Many investigators have shown that large-scale climate phenomena influence sub-seasonal and seasonal climate variability, especially in the northern hemisphere and their impacts on the Caribbean are well documented. These climatic phenomena that impact the Caribbean include, but are not limited to, the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Arctic Oscillation which is now being investigated. Although strong statistical correlation between variables over non-contiguous regions are not absolute as proof of teleconnections, the correlation strength can be used as an indication of its existence. The data gathered at the Mona Campus of the University of the West Indies, in Jamaica, using a simple QuarkNet 6000 muon detector over the period September 2011 to September 2013, showed an apparent significant relationship with these climatic indices. This suggests that cosmic-ray muon flux might be linked to the behavior of the climate phenomena and therefore can be used as a climate or meteorological index over the Caribbean.

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“…La formation des elements cosmogdniques a fait l'objet de nombreuses etudes (Benioff, 1956;Peters, 1959;La1 et al, 1958;Rochester, 1962 La1 a ainsi determine, B partir du taux d'6toiles nucleaires .F et du rendement de spallation Ri pour chaque element i, les variations dcs taux de production Qi avec la latitude et l'altitude (Qi = F . R i ) .…”

Section: Rappel Des Travauz Antirieursunclassified

Sur la production des⁷Be et³²P dans l'air et l'utilisation de leur rapport d'activité

Marenco¹,

Fontan²

1974

Tellus

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A study of the values of the 7Be/32P activity ratio, measured during several years by means of short time samplings, shows that the production efficiency of 32P by cosmic rays in the atmosphere has very likely been underestimated and that one should consider a corrected value of about 37 for the ratio between the production rates of 7Be and 32P. Moreover, the theoretical studies by simulation on models and the experimental results obtained at Toulouse show the important influence of vertical movements of air upon the variation of the 7Be/32P ratio in the troposphere.

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Cosmic rays and meteorology

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Precise ¹⁴C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Precise ¹⁴C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Investigating the Apparent Teleconnection between Cosmic-Ray Muon Flux over Jamaica and Large-Scale Climate Phenomena That Impact the Caribbean

Sur la production des⁷Be et³²P dans l'air et l'utilisation de leur rapport d'activité

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Cosmic rays and meteorology

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Precise 14C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Precise 14C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Investigating the Apparent Teleconnection between Cosmic-Ray Muon Flux over Jamaica and Large-Scale Climate Phenomena That Impact the Caribbean

Sur la production des7Be et32P dans l'air et l'utilisation de leur rapport d'activité

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Precise ¹⁴C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Precise ¹⁴C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting

Sur la production des⁷Be et³²P dans l'air et l'utilisation de leur rapport d'activité