Cosmogenic activation of germanium and its reduction for low background experiments

Барабанов, И. Р.; Belogurov, S.; Bezrukov, L.; Denisov, A. N.; Kornoukhov, V. N.; Sobolevsky, Nikolai

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2006.05.011

Cited by 54 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since the production rates due to neutrons are much larger than for protons, its important to have neutron reaction measurements. In addition, Barabanov et al [20] studied the reduction of cosmogenic activation as it depends on shielding in order to design an optimum transport container. That reference also calculated the rates for cosmic-ray proton reactions and found the production rates for the troublesome isotopes to be about a factor of 10 below that for cosmicray neutrons.…”

Section: +044mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-neutron activation of long-lived isotopes in enriched Ge

et al. 2010

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We measured the production of 57 Co, 54 Mn, 68 Ge, 65 Zn, and 60 Co in a sample of Ge enriched in isotope 76 due to high-energy neutron interactions. These isotopes, especially 68 Ge, are critical in understanding background in Ge detectors used for double-beta decay experiments. They are produced by cosmogenic-neutron interactions in the detectors while they reside on the Earth's surface. These production rates were measured at neutron energies of a few hundred MeV. We compared the measured production to that predicted by cross-section calculations based on CEM03.02. The cross section calculations over-predict our measurements by approximately a factor of three depending on isotope. We then use the measured cosmic-ray neutron flux, our measurements, and the CEM03.02 cross sections to predict the cosmogenic production rate of these isotopes. The uncertainty in extrapolating the cross section model to higher energies dominates the total uncertainty in the cosmogenic production rate.

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Section: +044mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-neutron activation of long-lived isotopes in enriched Ge

et al. 2010

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“…In particular, a dedicated simulation code was developed to estimate the residual background in the detector array due to external γ -rays, produced either in the surrounding rocks or in the cryostat volume [49]. The simulation code SHIELD [50] was used to optimize the shielding required for the transportation of GeO 2 enriched in 76 Ge from the enrichment plant to the underground storage site [51]. Neutron spectra and fluxes produced by αs from the 228 Th calibration sources via the (α, n) reactions were calculated through the SOURCES-4A code [52].…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specially designed containers were used to transport the material [51] by truck from Siberia to Germany; the enr GeO 2 was then kept in the HADES facility in underground storage while not being processed.…”

Section: Phase II Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gerda experiment for the search of 0νββ decay in 76Ge

et al. 2013

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“…The European 76 Ge neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment (GERDA) has used Monte-Carlo simulations to design a transport shield, using ISABEL data and the SHIELD code [Barabanov 2006]. The SHIELD result predicts an attenuation length for neutrons at 100 MeV in iron of about 240 g/cm 2 (0.30 m).…”

Section: Motivation For This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The G4NDL4.0 cross-sections have been used for Geant4 calculations [Aguayo 2012b]. The ISABEL libraries were used for shield calculations [Barabanov 2006]. Figures 1-4 through 1-9 show the total cross-sections used in Geant4 for neutron reactions on the various materials of interest for this study.…”

Section: Neutron Cross-sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship Effect Neutron Measurements And Impacts On Low-Background Experiments

Navarrete

Kouzes

Siciliano

2013

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The primary particles entering the upper atmosphere as cosmic rays create showers in the atmosphere that include a broad spectrum of secondary neutrons, muons and protons. These cosmic ray secondaries interact with materials at the surface of the Earth, yielding prompt backgrounds in radiation detection systems, as well as inducing long-lived activities through spallation events, dominated by the higher-energy neutron secondaries. For historical reasons, the multiple neutrons produced in spallation cascade events are referred to as "ship effect" neutrons. Quantifying the background from cosmic ray induced activities is important to lowbackground experiments, such as neutrinoless double-beta decay.Since direct measurements of the effects of shielding on the cosmic ray neutron spectrum are not available, Monte Carlo modeling is used to compute such effects. However, there are large uncertainties (orders of magnitude) in the possible cross-section libraries and the cosmic ray neutron spectrum for the energy range needed in such calculations.The measurements reported here were initiated to validate results from Monte Carlo models through experimental measurements in order to provide some confidence in the model results.The results indicate that the models provide the correct trends of neutron production with increasing density, but there is substantial disagreement between the models and experimental results for the lower-density materials of Al, Fe and Cu.

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Cosmogenic activation of germanium and its reduction for low background experiments

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Fast-neutron activation of long-lived isotopes in enriched Ge

Fast-neutron activation of long-lived isotopes in enriched Ge

The Gerda experiment for the search of 0νββ decay in 76Ge

Ship Effect Neutron Measurements And Impacts On Low-Background Experiments

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