Cosmological Implications of Conformal Field Theory

Abstract

Requiring all massless elementary fields to have conformal scaling symmetry removes a conflict between gravitational theory and the quantum theory of elementary particles and fields. Extending this postulate to the scalar field of the Higgs model, dynamical breaking of both gauge and conformal symmetries determines parameters for the interacting fields. In uniform isotropic geometry a modified Friedmann cosmic evolution equation is derived with nonvanishing cosmological constant. Parameters determined by numerical solution are consistent with empirical data for redshifts z ≤ z * = 1090, including luminosity distances for observed type Ia supernovae and peak structure ratios in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The theory does not require dark matter.

Theoretical implications of the galactic radial acceleration relation of McGaugh, Lelli, and Schombert

“…Agreement of conformal gravity with the RAR supports a universal conformal symmetry postulate (Nesbet 2013), that all elementary physical fields satisfy local Weyl scaling symmetry (Weyl 1918), modifying Einstein-Hilbert general relativity (conformal gravity) (Mannheim and Kazanas 1989;Mannheim 2006) and the electroweak scalar field model (conformal Higgs model) (Nesbet 2011(Nesbet , 2010).…”

“…Converted from Hubble units, this implies nonclassical centripetal acceleration 1 2 γc 2 = −cH0Ωm(ρm) (Nesbet 2015). Ωm < 0 because nonclassical constantτ < 0 (Nesbet 2011). This is observed as gravitational lensing and in anomalous orbital rotation velocities.…”

“…Conformal gravity (CG) modifies the metric field action integral of standard general relativity, replacing the Einstein-Hilbert Ricci scalar by a quadratic contraction of the conformal Weyl tensor (Mannheim and Kazanas 1989;Mannheim 2006). Together with the conformal Higgs model (Nesbet 2011) of dark energy, also without dark matter, this follows a postulate of universal conformal symmetry (Nesbet 2013).…”

“…The conformal Friedmann equation (Nesbet 2015), with Friedmann weight parameters Ω k and Ωm set to zero (Nesbet 2011), fits observed Hubble function h(t) = H(t)/H0, scaled by Hubble constant H0, as accurately as LCDM, with only one free constant for redshifts z ≤ 1(7.33Gyr) (Nesbet 2011(Nesbet , 2010. This determines Friedmann weights, at present time t0, ΩΛ = 0.732, Ωq = 0.268, where acceleration weight Ωq = aȧ a 2 and a(t) is the computed Friedmann scale factor (Nesbet 2011(Nesbet , 2010.…”

“…A geodesic passing into the empty halo from the surrounding cosmic background is deflected by acceleration proportional to incremental Hubble acceleration (Nesbet 2015) ∆Ωq = (1 − ΩΛ)(0) − (1 − ΩΛ − Ωm)(ρm) = Ωm(ρm) = 2 3τ c 2 ρm H 2 0 (Nesbet 2011).…”