Cosmological Lithium Problems

Bertulani, C. A.; chintak, Shubh; Mukhamedzhanov, A. M.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201818401002

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…Let us end this section by mentioning other selected entropic applications beyond BG in physics: long-range interacting many-body classical Hamiltonian systems (XY model [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ], Heisenberg model [ 98 , 99 , 100 ], Fermi–Pasta–Ulam (FPU) model [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]) (see [ 105 , 106 ] for earlier related approaches of the original FPU model and also [ 107 ], where the existence of non-Maxwellian compact-support momenta distributions are detected for special initial conditions); quantum-entangled low-dimensional Hamiltonian systems [ 108 , 109 , 110 ]; plasma physics [ 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ]; turbulence [ 87 , 116 ]; astrophysics, cosmology, and black holes [ 89 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 ]; nonlinear dynamical systems [ 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ]; nonlinear quantum mechanics [ 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 ]; anomalous diffusion, type II superconductors, and repulsive short-range interacting systems with overdamping […”

Section: Non-boltzmannian Entropy Measures and Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon in Physics and Elsewhere

Tsallis

2019

Entropy

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The pillars of contemporary theoretical physics are classical mechanics, Maxwell electromagnetism, relativity, quantum mechanics, and Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics –including its connection with thermodynamics. The BG theory describes amazingly well the thermal equilibrium of a plethora of so-called simple systems. However, BG statistical mechanics and its basic additive entropy S B G started, in recent decades, to exhibit failures or inadequacies in an increasing number of complex systems. The emergence of such intriguing features became apparent in quantum systems as well, such as black holes and other area-law-like scenarios for the von Neumann entropy. In a different arena, the efficiency of the Shannon entropy—as the BG functional is currently called in engineering and communication theory—started to be perceived as not necessarily optimal in the processing of images (e.g., medical ones) and time series (e.g., economic ones). Such is the case in the presence of generic long-range space correlations, long memory, sub-exponential sensitivity to the initial conditions (hence vanishing largest Lyapunov exponents), and similar features. Finally, we witnessed, during the last two decades, an explosion of asymptotically scale-free complex networks. This wide range of important systems eventually gave support, since 1988, to the generalization of the BG theory. Nonadditive entropies generalizing the BG one and their consequences have been introduced and intensively studied worldwide. The present review focuses on these concepts and their predictions, verifications, and applications in physics and elsewhere. Some selected examples (in quantum information, high- and low-energy physics, low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems, earthquakes, turbulence, long-range interacting systems, and scale-free networks) illustrate successful applications. The grounding thermodynamical framework is briefly described as well.

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