Cosmological Parameters from Planck Data in SU(2)<sub>CMB</sub>, Their Local ΛCDM Values, and the Modified Photon Boltzmann Equation

Hofmann, Ralf; Meinert, Janning; Balaji, Shyam Sunder

doi:10.1002/andp.202200517

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This is because, in addition to thermal photons, the thermal ground state in the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory is excited towards two vector modes subject to a temperature-dependent mass. A feeble coupling of these two kinds of excitations leads to spectral distortions of CMB radiance deeply within the Rayleigh-Jeans regime [6], which is not targeted by Planck frequency bands. In Section 3 we review how this T-z relation arises and discuss why a corresponding non-conventional ν-z relation is to be expected from a thermalisation process that is dependent on the mixing angle between the Cartan modes of two SU(2) gauge models subject to disparate Yang-Mills scales.…”

Section: The Thermal Sunyaev-zel'dovich Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the CMB as a bulk thermal photon gas is indeed subject to SU(2) CMB thermodynamics (single Yang-Mills theory in its deconfining phase) from T = 10.55 keV (or T = 1.09 × 10 8 K) to T = 2.3 × 10 −4 eV (or T = 2.726 K), then a number of implications arise (see [6][7][8][9] for the CMB large-angle anomalies, [7,10] for the modified high-z cosmological model implied by a modified temperature-redshift relation [5], [11] for dark-sector physics, and [12] for neutrinos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acknowledgments: This work was motivated by an intense and fruitful exchange about a recent publication [6] between the two referees and the authors. J.M.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Frequency–Redshift Relation of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Hofmann,

Meinert

2023

Astronomy

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We point out that a modified temperature–redshift relation (T-z relation) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) cannot be deduced by any observational method that appeals to an a priori thermalisation to the CMB temperature T of the excited states in a probe environment of independently determined redshift z. For example, this applies to quasar-light absorption by a damped Lyman-alpha system due to atomic as well as ionic fine-splitting transitions or molecular rotational bands. Similarly, the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (thSZ) effect cannot be used to extract the CMB’s T-z relation. This is because the relative line strengths between ground and excited states in the former and the CMB spectral distortion in the latter case both depend, apart from environment-specific normalisations, solely on the dimensionless spectral variable x=hνkBT. Since the literature on extractions of the CMB’s T-z relation always assumes (i) ν(z)=(1+z)ν(z=0), where ν(z=0) is the observed frequency in the heliocentric rest frame, the finding (ii) T(z)=(1+z)T(z=0) just confirms the expected blackbody nature of the interacting CMB at z>0. In contrast to the emission of isolated, directed radiation, whose frequency–redshift relation (ν-z relation) is subject to (i), a non-conventional ν-z relation ν(z)=f(z)ν(z=0) of pure, isotropic blackbody radiation, subject to adiabatically slow cosmic expansion, necessarily has to follow that of the T-z relation T(z)=f(z)T(z=0) and vice versa. In general, the function f(z) is determined by the energy conservation of the CMB fluid in a Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker universe. If the pure CMB is subject to an SU(2) rather than a U(1) gauge principle, then f(z)=1/41/3(1+z) for z≫1, and f(z) is non-linear for z∼1.

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Section: The Thermal Sunyaev-zel'dovich Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency–Redshift Relation of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Hofmann,

Meinert

2023

Astronomy

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Electroweak Parameters from Mixed SU(2) Yang–Mills Thermodynamics

Meinert,

Hofmann

2024

Symmetry

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Based on the thermal phase structure of pure SU(2) quantum Yang–Mills theory, we describe the electron at rest as an extended particle, a droplet of radius r0∼a0, where a0 is the Bohr radius. This droplet is of vanishing pressure and traps a monopole within its bulk at a temperature of Tc=7.95 keV. The monopole is in the Bogomolny–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) limit. It is interpreted in an electric–magnetically dual way. Utilizing a spherical mirror-charge construction, we approximate the droplet’s charge at a value of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant α of α−1∼134 for soft external probes. It is shown that the droplet does not exhibit an electric dipole or quadrupole moment due to averages of its far-field electric potential over monopole positions. We also calculate the mixing angle θW∼30∘, which belongs to deconfining phases of two SU(2) gauge theories of very distinct Yang–Mills scales (Λe=3.6keV and ΛCMB∼10−4eV). Here, the condition that the droplet’s bulk thermodynamics is stable determines the value of θW. The core radius of the monopole, whose inverse equals the droplet’s mass in natural units, is about 1% of r0.

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