Introduction: In Colombia, the prevalence of adult obesity continues to increase. However, there is no evidence from reviews compiling the related literature from a sociodemographic and public health perspective. Objective: A scoping review of studies was undertaken to identify and describe the sociodemographic and public health dimensions of adult obesity in Colombia. Methodology: Articles were searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs, focusing on papers published between 2000 and 2021. The following criteria for inclusion were adopted: studies on obesity in adults over 18 years of age in Colombia; transversal, longitudinal, and quasi-cohort studies; and ecological and/or panel-type research carried out in Colombia. Results: Twenty-one studies were included in the scoping review. These were classified into five categories: designs and methods; the prevalence of obesity; sociodemographic variables such as educational levels and occupation; practices of public health interest; associated pathologies and health variables. According to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, 76.2 % (n=16) of the studies were high quality and 23.8 % (n=5) of average quality. Conclusions: This scoping review highlights determinants such as socioeconomic status; education; environment; and public health diseases associated with the onset of obesity. Notably, no longitudinal, quasi-, or synthetic cohort studies were found. This research gap signals an opportunity for future investigations to explore this uncharted dimension of analysing obesity in Colombia, characterised by unique ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic particularities. This distinct context sets it apart from other Latin American countries, offering valuable insights for further exploration.