Cosolvent-Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Phenanthrene

Solubility of Phenanthrene in Binary Mixtures of C1−C4 Alcohols + 2-Propanol and Ethanol + Methanol at 298.2 K

“…Experimental solubility data of phenanthrene in binary mixtures of water + cosolvents including methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, acetone, n-butylamine, and tetrahydrofuran have been reported in the literature. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Its solubility data in nonaqueous mixtures of toluene + heptane and toluene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane have also been reported. 9 However, there is a lack of data in binary mixtures of commonly used organic solvents such as low molecular weight alcohols in the literature.…”

“…Different methods have been developed for modification of solubility such as micellization, complexation, and cosolvency. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Choosing an appropriate solvent system for solubilizing a desired amount of a solute required experimental databases or reasonably accurate predictive models.…”

Advances in Electrokinetic Remediation for the Removal of Organic Contaminants in Soils

“…Any rate, the increase in the contaminant solubility due to the use of the co-solvent may largely compensate the decrease in the electroosmotic flow, being the result positive for the removal of the organic contaminants. Some of the co-solvents used in literature are: ethanol, n-butanol, n-butylamine, tetrahydrofuran, or ace-tone [26,[32][33][34]. Phenanthrene was the target contaminant in the studies with co-solvents.…”

Solubility of Phenanthrene in Binary Mixtures of C1−C4 Alcohols at 298.2 K

“…Its solubility has been reported in binary aqueous mixtures of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, acetone, n-butylamine, and tetrahydrofuran [3][4][5][6][7][8] and in nonaqueous mixtures of toluene + heptane and toluene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. 9 In a recent paper, solubility data in binary mixtures of methanol + ethanol, methanol + 2-propanol, ethanol + 2-propanol, 1-propanol + 2-propanol, and 1-butanol + 2-propanol have been reported.…”

“…However, a single solvent may not possess sufficient solubilization power, hence different kinds of solubilization methods have been employed such as cosolvency, complexation, and micellization. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Experimental determination is the most common method to find a suitable solubilization system; however, as an alternative, one can use accurate predictive models for this purpose.…”