Cost analysis and optimization of Blockchain-based solid waste management traceability system

Gopalakrishnan, P.; Hall, John F.; Behdad, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.027

Cited by 96 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The traceability feature assures that the waste generated by smart cities is handled in compliance with the waste handling guidelines to protect the environment from pollution. It also enables users to efficiently track the end of life of the smart cities waste [43]. For instance, blockchain can be used to identify the type of healthcare waste that is processed at a waste recycling facility and is used in manufacturing medical equipment and devices.…”

Section: A Tracing and Tracking Of Waste Of Smart Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey

Ahmad

Jayaraman

Yaqoob³

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Smart cities have the potential to overcome environmental problems caused by improper waste disposal by improving human health, protecting the aquatic ecosystem, and reducing air pollution. However, today's systems, approaches, and technologies leveraged for waste management are manual and centralized. This fact makes them vulnerable to manipulation and the single point of failure problem. Also, a large portion of the existing waste management systems within smart cities fall short in providing operational transparency, traceability, audit, security, and trusted data provenance features. In this paper, we explore the key role of blockchain technology in managing waste within smart cities as it can offer traceability, immutability, transparency, and audit features in a decentralized, trusted, and secure manner. We discuss the opportunities brought about by blockchain technology in various waste management use cases and application scenarios, including real-time tracing and tracking of waste, reliable channelization and compliance with waste treatment laws, efficient waste resources management, protection of waste management documentation, and fleet management. We introduce a framework that leverages blockchainbased smart contracts to automate the key services in terms of waste management of smart cities. We compare the existing blockchain-based waste management solutions based on important parameters. Furthermore, we present insightful discussions on several ongoing blockchain-based research projects and case studies to highlight the practicability of blockchain in waste management. Finally, we present open challenges that act as future research directions.

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Section: A Tracing and Tracking Of Waste Of Smart Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey

Ahmad

Jayaraman

Yaqoob³

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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show abstract

“…Moreover, the authors considered a partial life-cycle of the waste products by ignoring the RSC part in their proposal. To assist local municipalities in managing solid waste product, a blockchainbased model is proposed in Gopalakrishnan et al (2021). However, the proposal suffers from a number of limitations due to the lack of proper validation of participants in the network, absence of profound access control and missing payment channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors introduced a set of rules for COVID-19 waste management and penalties for the stakeholders in case of violations. A blockchain-based SWM model for helping local municipalities was introduced in Gopalakrishnan et al (2021), where the authors addressed various issues linked with the waste flow, disposal and their handling with the help of blockchain technology. In addition, the proposal introduced an optimization model for determining the quantity of waste traded between suppliers and consumer companies.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified blockchain-based platform for global e-waste management

Sahoo

Mukherjee²,

Halder

2021

IJWIS

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Purpose The rapid technological growth, changes in consumer demands, products’ built-in obsolescence, presence of more non-repairable parts, shorter lifespan, etc., lead to the generation of e-waste at an unprecedented rate. Although a number of research proposals and business products to manage e-waste exist in the literature, they lack in many aspects such as incomplete coverage of product’s life cycle, access control, payment channels (in few cases), incentive mechanisms, scalability issues, and missing experimental validation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel blockchain-based e-waste management system aiming to mitigate the above-mentioned downsides and limitations of the existing proposals. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a robust and reliable e-waste management system by leveraging the power of blockchain technology, which captures the complete life cycle of e-products commencing from their manufacturing as new products to their disposal as e-waste and their recycling back into raw materials. Findings While the use of blockchain technology increases accountability, transparency and trust in the system, the proposal overcomes various challenges and limitations of the existing systems by providing seamless interactions among various agencies. Originality/value This paper presents a prototype implementation of the system as a proof-of-concept using solidity on the Ethereum platform and this paper performs experimental evaluations to demonstrate its feasibility and effective performance in terms of execution gas cost and transaction throughput.

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“…Gong et al [32] built a blockchain-based power battery data sharing system for real-time data monitoring and the sharing of the power battery life cycle. Gopalakrishnan et al [33] proposed a blockchain-based solid waste management (SWM) model to solve the problem of waste traceability. Furthermore, the SWM system with the cost element of the blockchain was optimized.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, taking the Beijing New Energy Vehicle (BJEV) as an example, according to the Annual Production and Sales Snapshot of BJEV (2018-2020, three-year average sales), the potential market size Q is assumed to be 111,509. According to [16,22,23,33], we obtained the relevant data of the EV power battery recycling shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Numerical Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Traceability Management Strategy of the EV Power Battery Based on the Blockchain

Cheng

Hao

Tao

et al. 2021

Scientific Programming

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Regulating and supervising the energy vehicle (EV) power battery recycling market, improving the utilization rate of EV power battery recycling, and guaranteeing the safety and control of all aspects of recycling treatment require the establishment of an effective traceability system. The decentralization and tamper-proof characteristics of the blockchain can ensure the safety and reliability of relevant data while realizing traceability management. This study establishes the Stackelberg game model to compare and analyze the effects of different government mechanisms on the profits of each subject before and after participating in power battery traceability management. The study further uses the model to explore strategies to improve the enthusiasm of EV power battery recycling subjects to participate in traceability management. The results show that (1) the participation of each recycling subject in EV power battery blockchain traceability can help move more spent power batteries into formal recycling channels; (2) the government should adopt appropriate mechanisms to promote its participation in EV power battery blockchain traceability, the best result being when the government adopts a subsidy mechanism for consumers; and (3) the profit of the EV power battery manufacturer is inversely proportional to the target recycling rate set by the government. Furthermore, the pursuit of a very high target recycling rate is not conducive to the normal implementation of initial EV power battery blockchain traceability management. Therefore, it is crucial for the government to set a reasonable target recycling rate.

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Cost analysis and optimization of Blockchain-based solid waste management traceability system

Cited by 96 publications

References 30 publications

Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey

Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey

A unified blockchain-based platform for global e-waste management

Traceability Management Strategy of the EV Power Battery Based on the Blockchain

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