Cost analysis of antiretroviral agents available in India

Background: The objective of the present study was to analyse price differences between parenteral antibiotics available in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The study was done in the Department of Pharmacology of S. D. M. College of Medical Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. Latest volume of current index of medical specialties or Indian Drug Review was used to analyze the prices of parenteral antibiotics.Results: Overall, prices of 17 single drug antibiotics available in 37 strengths marketed and 8 fixed-dose combinations available in 16 strength marketed were analyzed. It was observed that the maximum cost variation among the single ingredient parenteral antibiotic was with cefpirome 1000 mg. The price difference being Rs. 283 and the cost variation being 90.7%. The minimum price variation was seen with Ampicillin 100 mg of Rs. 4.3 and the cost variation being 40.2%. Additionally the highest price difference was also seen teicoplanin 400 mg i.e., Rs. 610 and its cost variation being 68.5%. Among the fixed-dose combination (FDC’s) the maximum price variation was observed in the combination of cefoperazone+sulbactum 1000+1000 of Rs. 340. Whereas the cost variation of the same was 212.5 %. The minimum price variation among the FDC’s was of the combination of ceftriaxone 250 mg + tazobactum 31.25 mg Rs. 3.3 and its cost variation being 7.9 %.Conclusions: Pharmacoeconomics facets must be taken into deliberation by healthcare practitioners while prescribing antibiotics to the patients for infectious disease treatment. This will assist compliance, reduce antibiotic resistance and treatment failure.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost variation analysis of parenteral antibiotics in Indian pharmaceutical market

Bhandari

Bhandary

2019

“…HIV being one of the most prevalent causes of death which requires a lifelong therapy. 4 It is shown that introduction of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) for people with HIV infection had led to decline in morbidity and mortality with significant improvement on the quality of life. 5,6 Anti-retroviral agents (ARVs) has shown to be the most promising line of therapy in the management of HIV infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost variation analysis of various brands of anti-retroviral agents currently available in Indian market: an economic perspective study

Anusha

Geetha²

2022

Background: The aim was to analyze the percentage cost variations among different brands of the commonly prescribed anti-retroviral agents in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus.Methods: The cost of different brands of commonly used Anti-Retroviral agents was sorted out by referring latest Indian drug index online, drug today, current index of medical specialties, Indian drug review.Results: The percentage variation in the cost was above 100% with most of the commonly used anti-retroviral agents. Overall sequinafir 500 mg shows maximum cost variation of 1490.3%, while nelfinavir (625 mg) shows minimum cost variation of 6.1% in single drug therapy. Lamivudine 300 mg and tenofovir 300 mg combination shows maximum cost variation of 14055% whereas, lamivudine 150 mg, zidovudine 300 mg and efavirenz 600 mg shows minimum cost variation of 10% in combination drug therapy.Conclusions: HIV is the most common infectious, life-threatening disease and drugs are to be prescribed for life-long period. If a costly brand is prescribed, the patients cannot afford to pay more money for their treatment. This also leads to poor patient compliance, dissatisfaction and failure of the treatment. Ideally, therefore, the drugs should be prescribed in such a way, to save the patient's economic burden and enhance the compliance of the treatment.

“…All these costs are ultimately to be met by the patient himself from his own expenses thus increasing their financial burden. 8,9 It is a commonly observed fact that there is a gross variation in the cost of different branded preparations of the same drug this is because the pharmaceutical companies tend to produce both generic as well as branded versions of the same drug and increase the cost of the branded preparations by adding some excipients or by making a formulation by different method. And it has been observed that the generic and branded version of the same drug prepared by the same company do not differ greatly in terms of bioavailability or other parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacoeconomic study of antipsychotic drugs in India

Prasad

Vedavathi

2017

Background: Schizophrenia is a disorder of relatively high point prevalence, low incidence and high disability. It accounts for nearly 1.5-3% of total national expenditure on health care. There is a gross variation in the cost of various branded and generic versions of antipsychotics available in India. This can lead to decreased patient compliance. The present study was undertaken to highlight this variation in the cost of various preparations of antipsychotics (branded and generic) available in India.Methods: Cost ratio and Percentage variation in cost of various antipsychotics available were calculated by standard formulae and analysed.Results: There is a very high variation in the cost of various antipsychotics available in India. The highest variation in cost ratio was seen with risperidone 2mg, 3mg and olanzapine 10mg, while the highest percentage cost variation was seen with risperidone 3mg, 4mg, 1mg; olanzapine 2.5mg, 5mg, 50mg, 100mg; levosulpiride 25mg and chlorpromazine 20mg. The lowest percentage cost variation was seen with Flupenthixol 3mg and Amisulpiride 300mg.Conclusions: There is a definite need to further strengthen the Drug Price Regulatory Mechanisms with regard to antipsychotics available in India in order to improve the patient compliance and thus cure rates of this burdensome and costly illness.