Cost Analysis of FreeStyle Libre® 2 System in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population

Oyagüez, Itziar; Gómez-Peralta, Fernando; Artola, Sara; Carrasco, Francisco Javier; Carretero-Gómez, Juana; García-Soidán, J.; Gómez‐Huelgas, Ricardo; Merino-Torres, Juan Francisco; Pérez, Antonio

doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01064-4

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The rationale being that patients would need time to be escalated to higher doses of insulin or higher insulin injection frequency. For all regimens, the reduction in mild hypoglycaemia with CGM was -48.8%, as per the peer-reviewed T2DM BIA based in Spain [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The referenced justification for this can be found in the Appendix. For all regimens, the reduction in SH with CGM used was -48.8% [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there have been several budget impact analyses (BIA) that compare the difference in cost for monitoring blood glucose with traditional strips and lancets versus CGM. These analyses considered patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Canada [ 8 ], England/UK [ 9 – 12 ], Spain [ 13 ] and the USA [ 14 ], T2DM on basal-bolus insulin treatment in Spain [ 15 ], patients with diabetes on intensive insulin treatment in the USA [ 16 ] and T1DM and T2DM patients receiving multiple daily insulin in Argentina [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Budget impact analysis of continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes on insulin treatment in England

Alsaif,

Farhat,

Blumer

et al. 2024

Health Econ Rev

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Introduction In 2022, updated guidance from NICE expanded the options for self-monitoring of blood glucose for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), to include continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). In this budget impact analysis, the cost impact of CGM was compared with traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with T2DM over 1 year from the commissioner perspective in England. Research Design and methods The NICE-eligible T2DM cohort was split into 4 subgroups to enable nuanced costing by insulin administration frequency: basal human insulin, premixed insulin, basal-bolus insulin and bolus insulin. The model’s cost components comprised mild and severe hypoglycaemia (SH), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), consumables and healthcare resource utilisation in primary and secondary care. Results The introduction of CGM is estimated to be cost additive by approximately £4.6 million in the basecase, driven by increased spending on the CGM device. Overall, healthcare activity was reduced by approximately 20,000 attendances, due to fewer SH and DKA episodes in the CGM arm. General Practitioner (GP) practice-based activity is expected to drop after the first year as patients requiring CGM training is reduced. The budget impact could be neutralised if the CGM sensor was discounted by 13.2% (£29.76 to £25.83). Conclusions CGM may result in increased spending in the NICE-eligible T2DM cohort but is expected to reduce demand on secondary care services and GP time. These findings may be of interest to local decision-makers who wish to resolve the COVID-19 backlog with transformational investment in primary care to reduce secondary care activity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The referenced justification for this can be found in the Appendix. For all regimens, the reduction in SH with CGM used was -48.8% [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Budget impact analysis of continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes on insulin treatment in England

Alsaif,

Farhat,

Blumer

et al. 2024

Health Econ Rev

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“…19,20 Finally, recent studies have confirmed the cost-effectiveness of FLASH in T2D, especially in those patients on complex insulin therapy regimens. 21 Despite this growing evidence in T2D, there are no specific recommendations for glycemic variability targets in T2D, and the recommendations for T1D 9 are often adapted in T2D. However, as the risk of hypoglycemia and glycemic variability is often lower in T2D, stricter glycemic control may be reachable in this group of people (Figure 1a).…”

Section: Objectives Of Glycemic Control In People With T2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Finally, recent studies have confirmed the cost-effectiveness of FLASH in T2D, especially in those patients on complex insulin therapy regimens. 21…”

Section: Defining Objectives Of Glycemic Control According To Patient...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Recommendations for Using Time-in-Range and Other Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics to Achieve Patient-Centered Glycemic Control in People With Diabetes

Bellido

Aguilera

Cardona-Hernández

et al. 2022

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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New metrics for assessing glycemic control beyond HbA1c have recently emerged due to the increasing use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes clinical practice. Among them, time in range (TIR) has appeared as a simple and intuitive metric that correlates inversely with HbA1c and has also been newly linked to the risk of long-term diabetes complications. The International Consensus on Time in Range established a series of target glucose ranges (TIR, time below range and time above range) and recommendations for time spent within these ranges for different diabetes populations. These parameters should be evaluated together with the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP). Using standardized visual reporting may help people with diabetes and healthcare professionals in the evaluation of glucose control in frequent clinical situations. The objective of the present review is to provide practical insights to quick interpretation of patient-centered metrics based on flash glucose monitoring data, as well as showing some visual examples of common clinical situations and giving practical recommendations for their management.

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Diabetes Management in Transition: Market Insights and Technological Advancements in CGM and Insulin Delivery

Yu,

Song,

Yea

et al. 2024

Advanced Sensor Research

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems are revolutionizing the real‐time tracking of blood glucose levels, a cornerstone in effective diabetes management and optimal glycemic control. Transitioning from the “intermittent readings” offered by traditional Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) methods, CGM delivers an “uninterrupted flow” of glucose data, enabling a “more detailed” strategy for meeting treatment goals. Initially, the “uptake of CGM faced hurdles due to doubts about its precision, but continuous advancements in technology have not only resolved these concerns but also confirms CGM as a dependable and impactful instrument in diabetes management”. Concurrently, advancements in insulin pump technology have improved their portability and ease of use, greatly increasing patient adoption. The market reflects a growing demand for such innovative healthcare solutions, driven by an increased awareness of diabetes management and bolstered by supportive healthcare policies. Future prospects for CGM and insulin pump technologies are incredibly promising, offering the potential for highly personalized care and sophisticated treatment strategies. This paper aims to explore how the synergy between ongoing technological developments and evolving market dynamics is set to redefine the diabetes care paradigm, positioning CGM and insulin pumps as essential elements in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.

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Cost Analysis of FreeStyle Libre® 2 System in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Budget impact analysis of continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes on insulin treatment in England

Budget impact analysis of continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes on insulin treatment in England

Expert Recommendations for Using Time-in-Range and Other Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics to Achieve Patient-Centered Glycemic Control in People With Diabetes

Diabetes Management in Transition: Market Insights and Technological Advancements in CGM and Insulin Delivery

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