Cost and reliability comparison between branched and looped water supply networks

Martínez, José Bienvenido

doi:10.2166/hydro.2009.080

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although the basic decision variables are pipe diameters, perhaps due to the high non-linearity associated with diameters, some researchers have formulated the problem in terms of separated sets of flows and heads (Alperovitz & Shamir 1977;Chiong 1985;Sarbu & Kalmar 2002;Martínez 2007Martínez , 2010.…”

Section: Classical Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective function (OBF) in Chiong (1985) cited by Martínez (2007Martínez ( , 2010) is restricted to account for costs only in the pipe network. The sum c of annualized capital costs and annual energy costs which is to be minimized is then …”

Section: Classical Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new OBF has been proposed by Martínez (2007Martínez ( , 2010. The new OBF is obtained by adding a new term to Equation (1), which accounts for the expected annual cost involved in a pipe breakage.…”

Section: New Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was introduced just recently as Equation (8) ( Martínez 2007) where not only the advantages of the looped network are brought into light but also a methodology is proposed to obtain optimal reliability level as well as the optimal design demand based on cost analysis (Martínez 2010).…”

Section: Two Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the economy of flow distribution in water supply looped networks

Martínez

2011

Journal of Hydroinformatics

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Optimization of water supply looped networks has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers for more than 30 years. As the classical water supply looped network optimization problem is mathematically non-convex and multimodal, the resulting solution of most approaches is uncertain in the sense of how close it is to the ''best'' solution. In many cases, this ''best''' or ''global'' solution is invoked and pursued only intuitively without a clear understanding of its meaning. This paper discusses what is involved in ''global'' solutions and the role that pipe flow distribution can play to deal with non-convexity and multimodality in a new context. The author has introduced this new context recently after formulating a new objective function capable of finding a looped network that can be economically more attractive than its related branched one. Therefore, the convenience of an approach dealing with flows and heads, as relevant decision variables, is encouraged in this paper and its advantages enumerated under the new concepts.The entropy approach is studied critically and an example is provided for comparison with the proposed approach.

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Section: Classical Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classical Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the economy of flow distribution in water supply looped networks

Martínez

2011

Journal of Hydroinformatics

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“…If a branched network is closed using minimum diameters, then there will be connectivity redundancy but no capacity redundancy. Redundancy therefore includes two important concepts: firstly, the connectivity necessary to provide alternative flow paths to each node; and secondly, the provision of an adequate flow capacity (diameter) for those paths (Martínez 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Tolerance Comparison in Water Supply Networks

Martinez-rodriguez

Montalvo

Izquierdo

et al. 2011

Water Resour Manage

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Urban water supply is a high priority service and so looped networks are extensively used in order to considerably reduce the number of consumers affected by a failure. Looped networks may be redundant in connectivity and capacity. The concept of reliability has been introduced in an attempt to quantitatively measure the possibility of maintaining an adequate service for a given period. Numerous researchers have considered reliability as a measure of redundancy. This concept is usually implicit, but some researchers have even stated it explicitly. This paper shows why reliability cannot be considered a measure of redundancy given that branched networks can achieve high values of reliability and this would deny the fact that a looped network is more reliable than a branched network with a similar layout and size. To this end the paper discusses two quantitative indices for measuring expected network behavior: reliability and tolerance. These indices are calculated and a comparison is made between looped, branched, and mixed networks.

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