Cost-benefit analysis of foot and mouth disease control in Ethiopia

Jemberu, Wudu T.; Mourits, M.C.M.; Rushton, Jonathan; Hogeveen, H.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.08.008

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…On the other hand, for the region of Agadez, the overall relatively more expensive vaccination costs could be explained by the existence of longer distances between two vaccination centres within the region. However, the overall vaccine cost per animal (0.11 euros) estimated in this study was in some respect in accordance with that of Jemberu, Mourits, Rushton, and Hogeveen () in Ethiopia (0.08 euros). Although for Niger the estimated cost of the vaccine was provided by the Botswana Vaccine Institute, the same laboratory where Ethiopia purchased their FMD vaccine, in contrast to the cost calculation of Jemberu et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Although for Niger the estimated cost of the vaccine was provided by the Botswana Vaccine Institute, the same laboratory where Ethiopia purchased their FMD vaccine, in contrast to the cost calculation of Jemberu et al. () the estimations from our study were based on empirical data rather than on expert opinion. Moreover, the empirical data in this study at regional level and the use of a stochastic modelling approach most likely considered the uncertainty and variability of the input parameters in the analysis (Briggs et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Spatio-temporal patterns of foot-and-mouth disease transmission in cattle between 2007 and 2015 and quantitative assessment of the economic impact of the disease in Niger

Kouato

Thys

Renault

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Niger, with outbreaks occurring every year. Recently, there was an increasing interest from veterinary authorities to implement preventive and control measures against FMD. However, for an efficient control, improving the current knowledge on the disease dynamics and factors related to FMD occurrence is a prerequisite. The objective of this study was therefore to obtain insights into the incidence and the spatio-temporal patterns of transmission of FMD outbreaks in Niger based on the retrospective analysis of 9-year outbreak data. A regression tree analysis model was used to identify statistically significant predictors associated with FMD incidence, including the period (year and month), the location (region), the animal-contact density and the animal-contact frequency. This study provided also a first report on economic losses associated with FMD. From 2007 to 2015, 791 clinical FMD outbreaks were reported from the eight regions of Niger, with the number of outbreaks per region ranging from 5 to 309. The statistical analysis revealed that three regions (Dosso, Tillabery and Zinder), the months (September, corresponding to the end of rainy season, to December and January, i.e., during the dry and cold season), the years (2007 and 2015) and the density of contact were the main predictors of FMD occurrence. The quantitative assessment of the economic impacts showed that the average total cost of FMD at outbreak level was 499 euros, while the average price for FMD vaccination of one outbreak was estimated to be more than 314 euros. Despite some limitations of the clinical data used, this study will guide further research into the epidemiology of FMD in Niger and will promote a better understanding of the disease as well as an efficient control and prevention of FMD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatio-temporal patterns of foot-and-mouth disease transmission in cattle between 2007 and 2015 and quantitative assessment of the economic impact of the disease in Niger

Kouato

Thys

Renault

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Instead, the assumption of vaccine efficacy may increase vaccination costs if significant barriers to improving vaccine quality exist. Reducing inter-herd contact through restricted animal movements addresses infection risk but the lack of access to markets and constraints on traditional open grazing practices limits implementation in East Africa [24].…”

Section: Decision Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rational Explanation of Limited FMD Vaccine Uptake in Endemic Regions

Railey

Marsh

2019

Pathogens

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Vaccination for foot-and-mouth (FMD) disease remains low in parts of Africa despite the existence of vaccines. In East Africa, the presence of multiple virus serotypes and sub-types makes matching a vaccine with the circulating virus type in the field, or providing a high potency vaccine, a challenge. In this paper we use game theory to show that the resulting vaccine uncertainty associated with these vaccination conditions in an endemic setting help explain the low vaccine uptake. We evaluate vaccination for FMD in the context of East Africa due to FMD being endemic in the region, the diversity of FMD virus types, and barriers to implementing other disease control measures, such as controlled movements. We incorporate these conditions into a vaccination game setting and compare the payoffs to those of a traditional vaccination game for seasonal influenza and commercial livestock vaccination in a developed country context. In showing that vaccination provides households with a lower payoff than not vaccinating, our simple game theoretical explanation supports existing evidence calling for improved vaccine quality and efforts to enhance surveillance to provide early information on disease status.

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“…7 FMD is often not considered a priority in endemic regions where low production and extensive livestock systems predominate. 8 However, there is growing evidence to support the alternative argument that at the individual household level FMD is important in terms of direct losses of production, 9 lower fertility and loss of other livestock services such as draft power. 10 Furthermore, it has indirect impacts preventing access to international markets, limiting genetic improvement and preventing development of diary production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 There is now clear economic evidence for low and middle income countries to invest in control by vaccination with a cost benefit ratio of more than 4. 9 Furthermore, there is a global societal good to control of FMD in endemic areas, as these reservoirs of disease present a clear and present risk to disease free areas or areas using vaccination, through trade in animal products and animal movements as demonstrated by the recent rapid expansion of the serotype O/ME-SA/IND-2001 lineage across the Middle East and North Africa Southeast and East Asia from Indian sub-continent. 13,14 The best defense for disease free regions is to reduce the risk to themselves through reducing the disease burden in endemic areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and phylodynamics of serotype A and SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses in endemic regions of Africa

Lycett

Tanya

Hall

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major livestock disease with direct clinical impacts as well as indirect trade implications. Control through vaccination and stamping-out has successfully reduced or eradicated the disease from Europe and large parts of South America. However, sub-Saharan Africa remains endemically affected with 5/7 serotypes currently known to be circulating across the continent. This has significant implications both locally for livestock production and poverty reduction but also globally as it represents a major reservoir of viruses, which could spark new epidemics in disease free countries or vaccination zones. This paper describes the phylodynamics of serotypes A and SAT2 in Africa including recent isolates from Cameroon in Central Africa. We estimated the most recent common ancestor for serotype A was an East African virus from the 1930s compared to SAT2 which has a much older common ancestor from the early 1700s. Detailed analysis of the different clades shows clearly that different clades are evolving and diffusing across the landscape at different rates with both serotypes having a particularly recent clade that is evolving and spreading more rapidly than other clades within their serotype. However, the lack of detailed sequence data available for Africa seriously limits our understanding of FMD epidemiology across the continent. A comprehensive view of the evolutionary history and dynamics of FMD viruses is essential to understand many basic epidemiological aspects of FMD in Africa such as the scale of persistence and the role of wildlife and thus the opportunities and scale at which vaccination and other controls could be applied. Finally we ask endemic countries to join the OIE/FAO supported regional networks and take advantage of new cheap technologies being rolled out to collect isolates and submit them to the World Reference Laboratory. 2/169/16

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Cost-benefit analysis of foot and mouth disease control in Ethiopia

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Spatio-temporal patterns of foot-and-mouth disease transmission in cattle between 2007 and 2015 and quantitative assessment of the economic impact of the disease in Niger

Spatio-temporal patterns of foot-and-mouth disease transmission in cattle between 2007 and 2015 and quantitative assessment of the economic impact of the disease in Niger

A Rational Explanation of Limited FMD Vaccine Uptake in Endemic Regions

The evolution and phylodynamics of serotype A and SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses in endemic regions of Africa

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