Cost-Effective Design of Polarization and Bandwidth Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Loop Antenna

Abstract

A singly fed reconfigurable circular loop antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. This antenna’s distinctive feature lies in its capacity to adjust both polarization and bandwidth characteristics, a capability made possible by the strategic integration of two PIN diodes. These diodes are engineered to function in various modes, allowing for three distinct polarization states and accommodating two distinct bandwidths. A meticulous alignment of these PIN diodes enables the utilization of a single DC bias network as a highly effective RF choke, which simplifies the design and reduces the associated losses. Additionally, a planar biasing network that consists of coplanar strip-lines (CPS) has been employed eliminating the need for lumped elements. The simple and totally planar configuration offers a choice of right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation or left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation at 28 GHz. This is accompanied by impedance matching and axial ratio (AR) bandwidths of 12.9% and 8%, respectively, over the same frequency range with a gain of 7.5 dBic. Moreover, when the PIN diodes are unbiased, the antenna offers linear polarization (LP) over two narrow bandwidths at 27 GHz and 29 GHz featuring a maximum gain of 7.2 dBic. Therefore, the proposed configuration offers three operating modes: wide-band RHCP, wide-band-LHCP, and LP over dual narrow bands. Significantly, simulated results closely align with the measured outcomes, affirming the robustness and accuracy of this design.

Frequency-Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna

“…This distinction underscores the novelty and originality of our research contribution. Additionally, the comparison reveals that our proposed antenna boasts a simpler switching mechanism in contrast to previous works [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Furthermore, our antenna achieves a more expansive tuning range compared to references [ 26 , 29 , 30 , 32 ], while also delivering superior gain performance relative to the antennas featured in [ 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…Additionally, the comparison reveals that our proposed antenna boasts a simpler switching mechanism in contrast to previous works [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Furthermore, our antenna achieves a more expansive tuning range compared to references [ 26 , 29 , 30 , 32 ], while also delivering superior gain performance relative to the antennas featured in [ 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Moreover, our antenna’s achieved frequency-tuning range and gain are on par with those reported in studies employing larger arrays of 16 elements [ 28 ].…”

“…Additionally, the comparison reveals that our proposed tenna boasts a simpler switching mechanism in contrast to previous works [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. thermore, our antenna achieves a more expansive tuning range compared to referen [26,29,30,32], while also delivering superior gain performance relative to the antennas tured in [26,27,[30][31][32]. Moreover, our antenna's achieved frequency-tuning range and g are on par with those reported in studies employing larger arrays of 16 elements [ Conversely, the higher gain reported in [29] can be attributed to using a Fabry-Perot Table 2 compares the performance of the proposed mmWave reconfigurable DRA against the existing counterparts reported in the literature.…”

Liquid Crystal-Filled 60 GHz Coaxially Structured Phase Shifter Design and Simulation with Enhanced Figure of Merit by Novel Permittivity-Dependent Impedance Matching

“…The targeted reconfigurable modality of either phase (e.g., wavefront phase control for beam steering [11]), frequency (e.g., tunable resonance for band-pass, band-stop filters [2], and spatial filtering such as frequency-selective surfaces [12]), amplitude (for variable attenuation [13]), or polarization (e.g., smart antennas [14,15]) is envisaged to be adaptively modulated to meet the dynamically changing requirements of agile environments or applications. In the context of the increasingly congested frequency spectrum and complicated systems, reconfigurability is thus highly sought after (or mandatory in the future electronics Reconfigurable MW components (e.g., phase shifters [16,17]) are designed to be dynamically adjustable, allowing them to change their electrical characteristics (e.g., wave speed and output signal phase) in response to changing modalities (e.g., temperatures, electric fields, magnetic fields, and light intensity).…”