Cost-Effective Encryption-Based Autonomous Routing Protocol for Efficient and Secure Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

The deployment of intelligent remote surveillance systems depends on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) composed of various miniature resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes. The development of routing protocols for WSNs is a major challenge because of their severe resource constraints, ad hoc topology and dynamic nature. Among those proposed routing protocols, the biology-inspired self-organized secure autonomous routing protocol (BIOSARP) involves an artificial immune system (AIS) that requires a certain amount of time to build up knowledge of neighboring nodes. The AIS algorithm uses this knowledge to distinguish between self and non-self neighboring nodes. The knowledge-building phase is a critical period in the WSN lifespan and requires active security measures. This paper proposes an enhanced BIOSARP (E-BIOSARP) that incorporates a random key encryption mechanism in a cost-effective manner to provide active security measures in WSNs. A detailed description of E-BIOSARP is presented, followed by an extensive security and performance analysis to demonstrate its efficiency. A scenario with E-BIOSARP is implemented in network simulator 2 (ns-2) and is populated with malicious nodes for analysis. Furthermore, E-BIOSARP is compared with state-of-the-art secure routing protocols in terms of processing time, delivery ratio, energy consumption, and packet overhead. The findings show that the proposed mechanism can efficiently protect WSNs from selective forwarding, brute-force or exhaustive key search, spoofing, eavesdropping, replaying or altering of routing information, cloning, acknowledgment spoofing, HELLO flood attacks, and Sybil attacks.

Hybrid PSO and Evolutionary Game Theory Protocol for Clustering and Routing in Wireless Sensor Network

“…The throughput capacity of a single node is Θðlog ðNÞ/NÞ. For wireless sensor networks with limited node energy, throughput capacity and available throughput for a single node are important performance metrics [34,35]. We will prove its importance in later simulations.…”

“…It can be seen from the previous derivation that the difference form of the EGT replication dynamic process can be expressed by equation (5). In this paper, X 1 ðtÞ represents the proportion of CH nodes in the second concentric circle region that have node 1 selected as the relay node at the same time [35].…”

“…As shown in Table 1, the utility function values of each possible successor node in the next hop of node A are sequentially sorted, and information about their node capacity occupancy, survival, etc. is displayed According to equations ( 33) and (35), it is judged whether the relay node in the list is congested. For example, node 1 is not congested and continues to be used as a relay node If node 1 is congested, node A will automatically elect node 2 as the relay node [43] In the next round of data transmission, if node 1 congestion is removed, node 1 continues to be used as the relay node.…”

Vulnerability Assessment of Sensor Systems

“…Different technical mechanisms or methods applied to the IT systems can raise their assurance. With respect to sensors, examples of such mechanisms can be: a dedicated routing protocol for wireless sensor networks, as discussed in two papers [2,3], or reliable and fault-tolerant initial data storage, as presented in another paper [4]. Assurance can further grow when such mechanisms are well implemented, thoroughly analyzed, and tested by independent teams according to the defined schemas and methods.…”

Security Analysis with respect to Wireless Sensor Network – Review

“…Kashif Saleem et al [12] implemented technique as Enhanced biology-inspired self-organized secure autonomous routing protocol (E-BIOSARP). It is based on Artificial Immune system which is used to gain knowledge for neighboring nodeIt This method is used to countermeasures against selective forwarding, spoofing, eavesdropping, replaying or altering of routing information, Hello flood attack and Sybil.…”