Cost‐Effective Green Synthesis of Boron‐Rich Carbide Coatings for Infrared Windows and Night‐Vision Optics

Devi, Hariharan Nair Vaheswari Saritha; Swapna, M. S.; Sankararaman, S.

doi:10.1002/pssa.201901014

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[35] For a film of transmittance T, reflectance R, refractive index (n), and thickness t, then the absorption coefficient α can be expressed as Equation (3). [36] α…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a film of transmittance T , reflectance R , refractive index ( n ), and thickness t , then the absorption coefficient α can be expressed as Equation (3). [ 36 ]

α = - \frac{1}{t} \times ln \frac{T}{{false(1 - R false)}^{2}} = \frac{4 π k}{λ}

where k is the extinction coefficient at wavelength λ. The complex refractive index n * = n – ik tells about the absorption or energy loss in the sample through the imaginary part and the change in wavelength due to wave propagation to another medium through the real part.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Swapna

Sankararaman

2023

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The advancement in semiconductor technology led to the development of novel materials with tailored properties. Besides the widely employed semiconductors like germanium, silicon, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, cadmium sulfide, and composites, recently, the potential of carbide semiconductors has been widely explored to cater for the needs of the electronic industry. [1,2] Semiconducting thin films are extensively used in modern technological applications like plasma screen displays, organic light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors. [2,3] Among the compound semiconductors, carbide-based electronic materials, primarily silicon carbide, are emerging as promising materials for applications demanding high power, fast switching speed, high temperature, better radiation tolerance, and high efficiency. [4,5] The success story of silicon carbide in electronics also tempted researchers to investigate other carbides.Carbides consisting of nonmetallic carbon (C) and metallic/semimetallic elements with lower electronegativity have various industrial uses due to their valuable structural and physical characteristics. [6,7] Although carbides have been used as refractory materials for more than a century, the scientific community is currently very interested in this material due to its use in a variety of scientific and technological disciplines. Carbides have uses in electronics and photonics in addition to the more conventional ones based on their durability and refractoriness. [5,6,[8][9][10] Excellent melting point and high chemical stability are crucial characteristics that define carbides as a refractory material. Covalent and interstitial carbides are found to satisfy these requirements. [6,7,11] Even if intermediate and salt-like carbides do not meet one or both of these requirements, they have industrial uses.Alkali, alkali earth, and group III metals with carbon combine to generate ionic carbides, sometimes referred to as salt-like (saline) carbides having extremely high ionic and electronegativity characteristics. The carbides formed by sodium are-Na 2 C 2 , NaC, NaC 64 , and NaC 2 with carbon atoms in chains, networks, and solitary. [9,12] These carbides have a graphite-like structure with metal atoms sandwiched in between the various layers of carbon atoms. The common type of saline carbide is the sodium carbide (Na 2 C 2 ), also known as disodium acetylide, which is an inert, clear material with no color. However, it quickly decomposes in the presence of acids/water/carbon, forming aliphatic hydrocarbons, which appear black or gray. Each Na þ ion in sodium carbide is surrounded by six C À ions that are in close proximity to it and vice versa. The ideal anti-CaF 2 structure is distorted by the spiral arrangement of the C 2 2À array in the sodium carbide structure. As a result, Na 2 C 2 crystallizes in an anti-CaF 2 structure deformed with a CC distance of 120 pm. The C 2 2À ions in them are loosely packed, which results in a low crystal density of 1.6 g cm À3 . [12,13] Sodium carbide f...

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“…[35] For a film of transmittance T, reflectance R, refractive index (n), and thickness t, then the absorption coefficient α can be expressed as Equation (3). [36] α…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a film of transmittance T , reflectance R , refractive index ( n ), and thickness t , then the absorption coefficient α can be expressed as Equation (3). [ 36 ]

α = - \frac{1}{t} \times ln \frac{T}{{false(1 - R false)}^{2}} = \frac{4 π k}{λ}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Swapna

Sankararaman

2023

Physica Status Solidi (b)

Self Cite

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“…However, the recent fast-breaking technology innovation has stressed the rising necessity of IR detectors for various scientific and industrial applications such as health monitoring, artificial vision for robotics and autonomous cars, optical communication networks, advanced night vision, ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy, biomedical imaging, etc. − In particular, the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) with a wavelength range of λ = 1400–3000 nm is one of the interesting IR portions because it is suitable for sensing a reflected radiation like visible light as well as thermal radiation emitted from hot sources over 100 °C typically and can penetrate deeper than a NIR light. − Therefore, the SWIR light technology is being keenly engaged for the development of new light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors for better performances. , However, no study has been so far reported on OPTRs for the sensing of SWIR light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Wave Infrared-Sensing Organic Phototransistors with a Triarylamine-Based Polymer Doped with a Lewis Acid-Type Small Molecule

Lee

Kim

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Here, we report that a triarylamine-based polymer, poly[N,N′-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine] (PolyTPD), is effectively doped with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) and the doping level is dependent on the molar ratio of BCF to PolyTPD (repeating unit). The doping reaction is performed at 25 °C at the solution states using chlorobenzene solvent by varying the BCF molar ratio up to 2.0. The resulting PolyTPD:BCF films show new broad optical absorption peaks at a wavelength of λ = 1000–3300 nm, covering the full range of short-wave infrared (SWIR, λ = 1400–3000 nm), which is stronger at a higher BCF molar ratio. Spectroscopic characterizations confirm the generation of radicals (single electrons) in PolyTPD by BCF doping, which resulted in a gradual shift of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level with the BCF molar ratio. The PolyTPD:BCF films are applied as a gate-sensing layer (GSL) in the geometry of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), leading to SWIR-sensing organic phototransistors (OPTRs). The optimized SWIR-OPTRs with the PolyTPD:BCF GSLs (BCF molar ratio = 0.5) can detect SWIR light with maximum photoresponsivities of 583.4 mA/W (λ = 1500 nm), 695.4 mA/W (λ = 2000 nm), and 829.4 mA/W (λ = 2500 nm).

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“…The usage of polymeric precursors enables control over the nal product's properties and structures by varying the precursor composition at low-temperatures [11,34,35]. Based on the above advantages of polymeric precursors, the bulk BC structure can be tailored to NWs by choosing the correct precursor ratio and suitable synthesis temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Carbide Nanowires from Castor Oil for Optronic Applications: A Low-Temperature Greener Approach

Devi

Swapna

Sankararaman

2020

Preprint

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The development of one-dimensional nanostructures has revolutionized electronic and photonic industries because of their unique properties. The present paper reports the low-temperature green synthesis of boron carbide nanowires, of diameter 14 nm and length 750 nm, by the condensation method using castor oil as the carbon precursor. The nanowires synthesized exhibit beaded chain morphology, and bandgap energy of 2.08 eV revealed through the Tauc plot analysis. The structure of boron carbide nanowires is revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The photoluminescence study reveals the nanowire's blue light emission capability under ultraviolet excitation, which is substantiated by the CIE plot suggesting its potential in photonic applications.

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Cost‐Effective Green Synthesis of Boron‐Rich Carbide Coatings for Infrared Windows and Night‐Vision Optics

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Divulging the Potential of Sodium Carbide Thin Film for Semiconductor Applications

Short-Wave Infrared-Sensing Organic Phototransistors with a Triarylamine-Based Polymer Doped with a Lewis Acid-Type Small Molecule

Boron Carbide Nanowires from Castor Oil for Optronic Applications: A Low-Temperature Greener Approach

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