Cost-effective production of biocatalysts using inexpensive plant biomass: a review

Sakhuja, Deepak; Ghai, Hemant; Rathour, Ranju Kumari; Kumar, Pradeep; Bhatt, Arvind Kumar; Bhatia, Rajendra

doi:10.1007/s13205-021-02847-z

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The cost-effective production of enzymes represents a great challenge for the industrial application of enzymes. Therefore, the use of low-cost substrates is urgently needed to enhance the use of enzymes in various industries in an economical way [ 46 ]. The utilization of fish waste substrate, which provides an excellent nutrient source for microbial growth and enzyme production, could solve this issue [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization, partial purification, and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by Halobacillus sp. HAL1 using fish wastes as a substrate

Fahmy

El-Deeb

2023

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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Background Hydrolytic enzymes from halophilic microorganisms have a wide range of industrial applications. Herein, we report the isolation of Halobacillus sp. HAL1, a moderately halophilic bacterium that produces a novel high molecular weight extracellular alkaline protease when grown in fish processing wastes as a substrate. Results Results showed that the isolated strain belonged to the genus Halobacillus, and it was designated as Halobacillus sp. HAL1 with the GenBank accession number OK001470. The strain secreted an extracellular alkaline protease, and the highest yield was obtained when it was grown in a medium with fish wastes substrate as the sole nutritional source (10 g/L) and incubated at 25 °C under shaking conditions. The enzyme was partially purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Zymographic analysis showed two casein degrading bands of about 190 and 250 KDa. The optimum enzyme activity was at a temperature of 50 °C at pH 8. The proteolytic activity was enhanced in the presence of metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+), surfactants (Tween 80, SDS, and Triton-X100), H2O2, and EDTA. Conclusion Our study indicates that Haobacillus sp. HAL1 is a moderately halophilic strain and secrets a novel high molecular wight alkaline protease that is suitable for detergent formulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization, partial purification, and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by Halobacillus sp. HAL1 using fish wastes as a substrate

Fahmy

El-Deeb

2023

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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“…When adding microorganisms, the main challenge is to identify the appropriate species and strains, multiply them, inoculate the rhizosphere homogeneously, and finally make sure that they survive and propagate (Sakhuja et al, 2021). Cost‐effective and environmentally friendly techniques of bioaugmentation have been proposed for example by Harms and Wick (2006), and more recently by Walters et al (2022).…”

Section: Recent Advances and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Zuccarini

Sardans

Asensio

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Soil enzymes are crucial in mediating ecosystems' responses to environmental drivers, so that the comprehension of their sensitivity to drivers of global change can help make predictions of future scenarios and design tailored interventions of biomanipulation. Drivers of global change usually act in combination of two or more, and indirect effects of one driver acting through modification of another one often occur, yet most of both manipulative and meta‐analysis studies available tend to focus on the direct effect of one single driver on the activity of specific soil enzymes. One of the biggest challenges is, therefore, represented by the difficulty in assessing the interactions between different drivers, due to the complexity of disentangling the single direct effects from the indirect and combined ones. In this review, after elucidating the general mechanisms of soil enzyme production and activity regulation, we display the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on direct, indirect and combined effects of the main drivers of global change on soil enzyme activities, identify gaps in knowledge and challenges from research, plus we analyse how this can reverberate in the future of biomanipulation techniques for the improvement of ecosystem services. We conclude that qualitative but not quantitative outcomes can be predicted for some interactions such as warming + drought or warming + CO2, while for other ones, the results are controversial: future basic research will have to center on this holistic approach. A general trend toward the overall increase of soil enzyme activities and acceleration of biogeochemical cycles will persist, until an inflection will be caused by factors such as future shifts in microbial communities and changes in carbon use efficiency. Applied research will develop toward the refinement of “in situ” analytical systems for the study of soil enzyme activities and the support of bioengineering for the better tailoring of interventions of biomanipulation.

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“…In aquaculture production, increasing feed efficiency is the most important feature to increase the production efficiency and economic profit and reduce environmental impacts ( Besson et al, 2017 ) as more than 60% of the total aquaculture costs are associated with feed costs ( Troell et al, 2014 ; Daniel, 2018 ). In addition, production of feed enzymes from the SSF of agro-industrial materials, such as BSG, also represent a probability towards the reduction of production costs and sustainability of enzyme industry ( Lizardi-Jiménez & Hernández-Martínez, 2017 ) and contributes to the reduction of lignocellulosic biomass disposal in the environment ( Sakhuja et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Brewer’s Spent Grain Using Biological Treatments and its Application in Feeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Fernandes

Salgado

Ferreira

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the main brewery industry by-product, with potential applications in the feed and food industries due to its carbohydrate composition. In addition, the lignocellulosic nature of BSG makes it an adequate substrate for carbohydrases production. In this work, solid-state fermentation (SSF) of BSG was performed with Aspergillus ibericus, a non-mycotoxin producer fungus with a high capacity to hydrolyze the lignocellulosic matrix of the agro-industrial by-products. SSF was performed at different scales to produce a crude extract rich in cellulase and xylanase. The potential of the crude extract was tested in two different applications: -(1) - the enzymatic hydrolysis of the fermented BSG and (2) - as a supplement in aquafeeds. SSF of BSG increased the protein content from 25% to 29% (w/w), while the fiber content was reduced to 43%, and cellulose and hemicellulose contents were markedly reduced to around 15%. The scale-up of SSF from 10 g of dry BSG in flasks to 50 g or 400 g in tray-type bioreactors increased 55% and 25% production of cellulase and xylanase, up to 323 and 1073 U g−1 BSG, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of maximal activities were found to be 55°C and pH 4.4 for xylanase and 50°C and pH 3.9 for cellulase, cellulase being more thermostable than xylanase when exposed at temperatures from 45°C to 60°C. A Box–Behnken factorial design was applied to optimize the hydrolysis of the fermented BSG by crude extract. The crude extract load was a significant factor in sugars release, highlighting the role of hydrolytic enzymes, while the load of fermented BSG, and addition of a commercial β-glucosidase were responsible for the highest phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity release. The lyophilized crude extract (12,400 and 1050 U g−1 lyophilized extract of xylanase and cellulase, respectively) was also tested as an enzyme supplement in aquafeed for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. The dietary supplementation with the crude extract significantly improved feed and protein utilization. The processing of BSG using biological treatments, such as SSF with A. ibericus, led to the production of a nutritionally enriched BSG and a crude extract with highly efficient carbohydrases capable of hydrolyzing lignocellulosic substrates, such as BSG, and with the potential to be used as feed enzymes with remarkable results in improving feed utilization of an important aquaculture fish species.

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Cost-effective production of biocatalysts using inexpensive plant biomass: a review

Cited by 32 publications

References 122 publications

Optimization, partial purification, and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by Halobacillus sp. HAL1 using fish wastes as a substrate

Optimization, partial purification, and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by Halobacillus sp. HAL1 using fish wastes as a substrate

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Valorization of Brewer’s Spent Grain Using Biological Treatments and its Application in Feeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

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