Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hospitalization and Home-Based Care Strategies  for People Living with HIV/AIDS: The Case of Zimbabwe

Hove-Musekwa, Senelani D.; Nyabadza, Farai; Mambili-Mamboundou, Hermane; Chiyaka, Christinah; Mukandavire, Zindoga

doi:10.1155/2014/836439

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this section, we compared the costs and benefits of the different control strategies employed to avert snakebite induced death with particular reference to northeast Nigeria. In recent times, cost effectiveness analysis has become an important tool to many researchers especially in the field of mathematical epidemiology see for instance [52][53][54][55]. For effective allocation of resources to control snakebite cases, public health decision makers need to know the impact and cost-effectiveness of snakebite prevention and treatment programmes.…”

Section: Cost-effectiveness Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, snakebite induced death and Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) averted are employed as health benefit of the control interventions. In line with Hove-Musekwa et al, [52] and Adamu et al, [55], a linear cost function with respect to the control variables u 1 and u 2 of the cost effectiveness analysis for the control strategies is used. The total discounted cost function for control strategy i, is given by;…”

Section: Cost-effectiveness Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where r = 5% is a discount rate [52] and i = A, B, C. Following Weinstein [56], the formula for computing ICER for two competing strategies I and J is given by…”

Section: Cost-effectiveness Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of snakebite envenoming: A mathematical modeling study

2021

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A mathematical model is designed to assess the impact of some interventional strategies for curtailing the burden of snakebite envenoming in a community. The model is fitted with real data set. Numerical simulations have shown that public health awareness of the susceptible individuals on snakebite preventive measures could reduce the number of envenoming and prevent deaths and disabilities in the population. The simulations further revealed that if at least fifty percent of snakebite envenoming patients receive early treatment with antivenom a substantial number of deaths will be averted. Furthermore, it is shown using optimal control that combining public health awareness and antivenom treatment averts the highest number of snakebite induced deaths and disability adjusted life years in the study area. To choose the best strategy amidst limited resources in the study area, cost effectiveness analysis in terms of incremental cost effectiveness ratio is performed. It has been established that the control efforts of combining public health awareness of the susceptible individuals and antivenom treatment for victims of snakebite envenoming is the most cost effective strategy. Approximately the sum of US$72,548 is needed to avert 117 deaths or 2,739 disability adjusted life years that are recorded within 21 months in the study area. Thus, the combination of these two control strategies is recommended.

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Section: Cost-effectiveness Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cost-effectiveness Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of snakebite envenoming: A mathematical modeling study

2021

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“…In this section, the cost-effectiveness analysis is conducted using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) method. In this method, the costs and effects of two interventions competing under the scarcity of resources were compared [34,36,46]. To quantify the cost effectiveness of the control strategies, we obtained the ratios for the difference of cost between the two control strategies and the difference of the total number of infections averted by these strategies [34,47].…”

Section: Cost-effectiveness Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Optimal Control Theory to Newcastle Disease Dynamics in Village Chicken by Considering Wild Birds as Reservoir of Disease Virus

Chuma

Mwanga

Masanja

2019

Journal of Applied Mathematics

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In this study, an optimal control theory was applied to a nonautonomous model for Newcastle disease transmission in the village chicken population. A notable feature of this model is the inclusion of environment contamination and wild birds, which act as reservoirs of the disease virus. Vaccination, culling, and environmental hygiene and sanitation time dependent control strategies were adopted in the proposed model. This study proved the existence of an optimal control solution, and the necessary conditions for optimality were determined using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. The numerical simulations of the optimal control problem were performed using the forward–backward sweep method. The results showed that the use of only the environmental hygiene and sanitation control strategy has no significant effect on the transmission dynamics of the Newcastle disease. Additionally, the combination of vaccination and environmental hygiene and sanitation strategies reduces more number of infected chickens and the concentration of the Newcastle disease virus in the environment than any other combination of control strategies. Furthermore, a cost-effective analysis was performed using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio method, and the results showed that the use of vaccination alone as the control measure is less costly compared to other control strategies. Hence, the most effective way to minimize the transmission rate of the Newcastle disease and the operational costs is concluded to be the timely vaccination of the entire population of the village chicken, improvement in the sanitation of facilities, and the maintenance of a hygienically clean environment.

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“…More recently, the model of care for People Living With HIV (PLWH) has shifted from hospital-based care to Home-Based Care (HBC) due to the upsurge number of patients, inconsistencies between the number of patients and qualified staff, lack of space, and increasing hospital expenses. [ 1 ] Based on the evidence, HBC approach to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), in addition to promoting community members' participation and empowering patients and their families leads to a strong referral system between the community and the healthcare centers and also promotes positive health outcomes and increase community resilience to the disease. [ 2 3 ] However, the delivery of HBC encounters many challenges such as inadequate funding, nondisclosure of disease and trust in service providers, the feminization of care as well as the risk of HIV transmission to caregivers, and absence of awareness and competence in staffs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%