Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Lead Poisoning Screening Strategies Following the 1997 Guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Metal Pollution in Nigeria: A Biomonitoring Update

“…Kemper et al provided the most comprehensive assessment of health care costs in the United States. 73 The investigators estimated the costs of screening and treatment as follows: venipuncture ($8.57), capillary blood sampling ($4.29), lead assay ($23), risk assessment questionnaire ($2), nurseonly visit ($42), physician visit ($105), environmental investigation and hazard removal ($440), oral chelation ($332), and intravenous chelation ($2,418). In addition, as children's BLLs increase, medical costs increase as well.…”

Monetary benefits of preventing childhood lead poisoning with lead-safe window replacement

“…The direct health care costs for children exposed to lead includes chelation, follow-up, monitoring, visits to physicians and health care institutions, laboratory testing and related home inspections and other costs such as transportation and time. The average cost of follow-up treatment per child is $55 (Kemper et al 1998), which does not include the much higher cost of treating severely poisoned children. For example, for children with blood lead levels between 45-70 μg/dL and over 70 μg/dL, the costs are $1,017 and $2,625, respectively (Kemper 1998).…”

“…The average cost of follow-up treatment per child is $55 (Kemper et al 1998), which does not include the much higher cost of treating severely poisoned children. For example, for children with blood lead levels between 45-70 μg/dL and over 70 μg/dL, the costs are $1,017 and $2,625, respectively (Kemper 1998). …”

Primary prevention and health outcomes: Treatment of residential lead-based paint hazards and the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning

“…In a study by Kemper et al (1998), the authors estimate the costs associated with each component of curative care for lead poisoned children. Korfmacher (2003) uses these costs and estimates the cost of curative care at various BLLs.…”