Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Ranibizumab Biosimilar for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and its Subtypes from the Societal and Patient Perspectives in Japan

Abstract

Introduction This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies for subtypes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from the societal perspective, and for any nAMD from the patient perspective in Japan. Methods A Markov model was developed to simulate the lifetime transitions of a cohort of patients with nAMD through various health states based on the involvement of nAMD, the treatment status, and decimal best-corrected visual acuity. Ranibizumab biosimilar was compared with aflibercept from the societal perspective regardless of treatment regimen for the analysis of three subtypes (typical nAMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP)). Two analyses from the patient perspective focusing on the treat-and-extend regimens were performed, one with a cap on patients’ copayments and one without. Ranibizumab biosimilar was compared with branded ranibizumab, aflibercept, aflibercept as the loading dose switching to ranibizumab biosimilar during maintenance (aflibercept switching to ranibizumab biosimilar), and best supportive care (BSC), for patients with any nAMD. Results In the subtype analyses, ranibizumab biosimilar when compared with aflibercept resulted in incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of − 0.015, 0.026, and 0.009, and the incremental costs of Japanese yen (JPY) − 50,447, JPY − 997,243, and JPY − 1,286,570 for typical nAMD, PCV, and RAP, respectively. From the patient perspective, ranibizumab biosimilar had incremental QALYs of 0.015, 0.009, and 0.307, compared with aflibercept, aflibercept switching to ranibizumab biosimilar, and BSC, respectively. The incremental costs for ranibizumab biosimilar over a patient lifetime excluding the cap on copayment were estimated to be JPY − 138,948, JPY − 391,935, JPY − 209,099, and JPY − 6,377,345, compared with branded ranibizumab, aflibercept, aflibercept switching to ranibizumab biosimilar, and BSC, respectively. Conclusions Ranibizumab biosimilar was demonstrated as a cost-saving option compared to aflibercept across all subtypes of nAMD, irrespective of the perspectives considered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40123-024-01011-z.