Cost-Effectiveness Hybrid Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine for Electric Vehicle

Won, Hoyun; Hong, Yang‐Ki; Choi, Minyeong; Bryant, Briana; Platt, Jonathan; Choi, Seungdeog

doi:10.1109/iemdc47953.2021.9449503

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The subscripts correspond to mag = magnet (NdFeB for the reported motor and NMF-12G for the proposed motor), M19 = M19-29G (non-oriented Si-steel), Cu = copper, nm = nonmagnetic wedge for the proposed motor only, L = the stack length of the motor, and M = the mass of the material. The cost and density of each material are listed in Table 12 [13,14]. The costs of the shaft, lamination between stacked cores, and housing with liquid cooling are excluded.…”

Section: Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For HDTs, rare-earth NdFeB magnets are widely used for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) to achieve high torque density, efficiency, and maximum speed by exploiting its high maximum energy product (BH) max . However, NdFeB RE-PM suffers from high and volatile cost, unstable supply, complicated manufacturing processes, and low electrical resistivity [12,13]. The traction motors of HDTs need PMs with a lower price and more stable supply than the motors used in light-duty vehicles because a high peak power rating in the range from 300 to 360 kW is required for HDTs [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Design of Six-Phase Spoke-Type Ferrite Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Truck Application

et al. 2022

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This paper proposes a 300 kW 24-slot/10-pole 6-phase stator-shifted fractional-slot concentrated winding spoke-type ferrite permanent magnet machine for electric truck applications. The proposed motor consists of a stator with dual three-phase windings positioned 75 degrees apart to reduce higher-order MMF harmonic order, and a rotor with an inexpensive and high-resistance ferrite permanent magnet in the spoke configuration. The simulated result of the stator-shifted machine is compared with a fabricated stator-shifted machine, and the results show good agreement with each other. To further reduce the torque ripple from 2.5 to 0.9% while maintaining a high maximum torque of 2980 Nm, circular voids with a diameter of 11 mm are embedded in the rotor. The proposed motor is evaluated for irreversible demagnetization, mechanical and thermal stability, and fault tolerant ability. To assess the proposed motor performance, the electric truck simulation model is constructed using MATLAB/Simulink and used to compare with the reported 12-slot/10-pole rare-earth permanent magnet-based machine. Compared to a previously reported six-phase rare-earth permanent magnet based flat-type machine, the proposed motor can save 4.3 kWh of energy with a USD 2512 lower cost while retaining a similar motor performance.

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Section: Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Design of Six-Phase Spoke-Type Ferrite Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Truck Application

et al. 2022

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“…A hybrid PMa-SyRM using ferrite and Nd-Fe-B magnets is proposed for EVs in Refs. [10,11]. It is claimed that the motor achieves a maximum torque of 220 N-m with a lower cost and higher torque per cost compared to the Nd-Fe-B PMa-SyRM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare‐earth‐free Al‐Ni‐Co hybrid PMa‐SyRM for an air‐conditioner compressor

Vegireddy,

Sampathirao

2024

IET Electric Power Appl

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A hybrid ferrite‐Al‐Ni‐Co permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa‐SyRM) for an air‐conditioner compressor is proposed. Al‐Ni‐Co PMs have high residual flux density similar to rare‐earth PMs such as Nd‐Fe‐B and Sm‐Co. Therefore, the performance parameters of the PMa‐SyRM such as power factor, efficiency etc., with Al‐Ni‐Co PMs can be improved without significantly increasing the cost of the motor. However, Al‐Ni‐Co PMs have a steep IInd‐quadrant B‐H curve, and the challenge lies in addressing their demagnetisation issues. In the proposed hybrid PMa‐SyRM, the rotor geometry is suitably optimised for placing the Al‐Ni‐Co PMs in the centre flux barriers to address the demagnetisation issues. Further, an analytical magnetic circuit is presented to design the proposed PMa‐SyRM. Later, 2‐D finite element analysis of the proposed motor including the demagnetisation analysis of PMs and stress analysis of the rotor is carried out and presented. A prototype is fabricated, experimental validation is carried out, and the results of the performance and cost are compared with that of ferrite and hybrid ferrite‐Nd‐Fe‐B PMa‐SyRM.

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“…Owing to the integrated advantages of both magnet torque and reluctance torque, Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines are capable of providing high torque/power density and wide speed range [1][2][3][4][5]. Enabling PMASynRMs with low-cost rare earth (RE)-free magnets can be one approach to achieve a cost-effective solution [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, due to the relatively lower remanence and coercivity of RE-free magnets, the motor performance is adversely affected in terms of reduced output torque and heightened risk of permanent demagnetization of magnets under overload conditions and extreme operating temperatures [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Design Optimization Integrated with Mechanical Stress Analysis of PM-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine Topologies Enabled with a Blend of Magnets

Kumar,

Wilson,

EL-Refaie

2024

Energies

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Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines (PMASynRM) provide a low-cost alternative to Surface PM Machines due to the use of relatively lower grades of rare-earth (RE) or RE-free magnets, as the performance degradation due to weaker magnets is compensated by the presence of reluctance torque. However, the weaker magnets suffer from a high risk of demagnetization, leading to unreliable motor operation. Using a blend of RE and RE-free magnets has the potential to overcome this issue. This paper proposes to blend different grades of various rare-earth (RE) and rare-earth-free (RE-free) magnets in six different combinations and utilizes them in two-layer and three-layer U-shaped PMASynRM topologies with both eight-pole and six-pole variations. The rotor of the various designs is then optimized using a differential evolution (DE) based optimization algorithm to obtain low-cost designs with reduced RE magnet volume and minimum demagnetization risk. The optimization of each design is also integrated with the evaluation of mechanical stresses in the rotor laminations so as to maintain the stresses below the material yield strength. Furthermore, the various performance metrics, such as toque–speed/power–speed characteristics, demagnetization, and efficiency maps, are evaluated for each of the optimized and mechanically feasible designs. A quantitative comparison of the various optimized designs is also obtained to highlight the various trade-offs. The results indicate the feasibility of meeting the baseline torque requirement across the entire speed range, even with a 100% reduction in RE magnet volume and less than 5% demagnetization risk, while achieving a cost reduction exceeding 50%. Moreover, the two-layer, eight-pole designs exhibit relatively higher performance, whereas the three-layer, eight-pole designs are found to be the most economical option.

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Cost-Effectiveness Hybrid Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine for Electric Vehicle

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Novel Design of Six-Phase Spoke-Type Ferrite Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Truck Application

Novel Design of Six-Phase Spoke-Type Ferrite Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Truck Application

Rare‐earth‐free Al‐Ni‐Co hybrid PMa‐SyRM for an air‐conditioner compressor

Electromagnetic Design Optimization Integrated with Mechanical Stress Analysis of PM-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine Topologies Enabled with a Blend of Magnets

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